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Language focus 2
The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
Степени сравнения прилагательных
Как и в русском языке, в английском прилагательные имеют три степени сравнения: положительную, сравнительную и превосходную.
Например, вкусный – вкуснее – самый вкусный
Образование:
У односложных и некоторых двусложных прилагательных (заканчивающихся на – r или – y) степени сравнения образуются путем прибавления к положительной форме суффиксов – er для сравнительной формы и – est для превосходной (эта форма используется с артиклем the).
Cheap – cheaper – t he cheapest
Happy – happier – the happiest
Правописание:
Удваивается согласная после краткой гласной (чтобы сохранить закрытый слог): big – bigger – the biggest.
Конечная – e опускается: nice – nicer – the nicest.
У большинства двусложных прилагательных, а также прилагательных, состоящих из трех и более слогов, степени сравнения образуются при помощи слов more и the most.
Expensive – more expensive – the most expensive
Useful – more useful – the most useful
Исключения, которые необходимо запомнить:
Good – better – the best
Bad – worse – the worst
5. Form the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
Образуйте степени сравнения прилагательных.
Strange -
Interesting -
Simple -
Bad -
Fresh -
Smal l-
Cold -
Comfortable -
Tired -
Wet -
Hot -
Beautiful -
Healthy -
Important -
Long -
6. Make up your own sentences with the adjectives.
Например: longer
This way is longer than that one.
the longest
That way is the longest (of all three).
more comfortable
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easier
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more relaxing
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the biggest
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the most expensive
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the worst
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the most stressful
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nicer
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better
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7. Translate into Russian. Pay special attention to the articles.
Переведите на русский язык. Обратите особое внимание на употребление артиклей.
A better teacher, the best teacher, a more expensive area, more important post, the most interesting meeting, a worse soccer match, the worst food, better food, a better holiday, the most comfortable flight, the oldest castle, a hotter day, a more interesting subject, more interesting subjects, the worst choice, a bigger part, the most important year.
8. Translate into English.
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Этот год был лучшим и наиболее полезным в моей жизни.
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2. Он рассказал нам о более важном предмете в нашей школе.
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3. Первый класс был самым сложным для меня.
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4. Мы увидели самые плохие фермы в нашем районе.
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5. Я заинтересован принять участие в самом интересном проекте года.
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6. Его выбор не хуже Вашего, но лучше моего (mine).
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7. Я думаю, это более современный замок на этой территории.
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READING AND SPEAKING PRACTICE
1. Answer the questions.
Ответьте на вопросы.
1. When did you start work?
2. When did you leave school?
3. What did you do after school?
4. What diploma did you get?
5. How did you get your job?
6. What did you write on your application form?
7. What did you tell your boss at the job interview?
8. Was your first job rewarding?
9. Which job was the most interesting?
10. Is your present job better than the jobs you did before?
2. Read the story. Close your eyes. Say what you remember. Ask five questions about the life of Mr. Brown.
Прочитайте рассказ. Закройте глаза и расскажите все, что Вы запомнили. Задайте пять вопросов о жизни мистера Брауна.
Mr. Brown had an interview for a job a week ago. He wanted to get the job very much but there was a big problem. Mr. Brown didn’t have enough practice. And what he wrote on his application form was not true. He was born in 1965, but he wrote 1968. He left school when he was sixteen, not eighteen. He worked as a tea-boy. He went to college in 1985. He got a diploma in business management. He didn’t go to University. It was his second job, not the third. He didn’t give good answers to the manager’s questions and didn’t get the job.
Your questions:
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3. Make up dialogues using the following words and phrases.
Составьте диалоги, используя следующие слова и выражения.
A. Good morning, an application form, speak about yourself in your own words, study in England, get a diploma in marketing, see you later.
B. be born, on a farm, primary school, look like a big square house, no electricity, grades, teach a lot of subjects, have no choice, rewarding.
4. Read and try to learn the dialogue.
Прочитайте диалог и постарайтесь выучить его.
Tom Hall: Good morning. Please sit down. Now I have your application form here. But tell me about yourself in your own words.
Rachel: Right. I was born in Manchester on the fifth of October, 1975. When I was twelve, my parents went to Africa.
Tom Hall: To Africa? Did you go with your parents?
Rachel: No, I stayed in England. I lived with my grandmother. But on holidays I went to Africa.
Tom Hall: Very nice. Where did you go to school?
Rachel: In Manchester. I went to the local primary school. Then, when I was twelve, I went to Claremont, the local secondary school.
Tom Hall: But you didn’t stay there, did you?
Rachel: No, I left when I was sixteen.
Tom Hall: Can I ask why?
Rachel: Yes, of course. I went to another school. Because Claremont didn’t teach Business Studies.
Tom Hall: Ah! And then?
Rachel: I went to college.
Tom Hall: And did you get a diploma in Marketing?
Rachel: That’s it.
Tom Hall: That’s nice.
5. Read the menu of an Indian restaurant. Then make some dialogues between the waiter and the customers.
Прочитайте меню индийского ресторана. Составьте несколько диалогов между официантом и посетителями этого ресторана.
Example:
Waiter: Good evening, sir. This is our menu, please.
Customer: Thank you. ...I’d like to order now. Could I have some Chicken Shakuti?
Waiter: Yes, please. Would you like some vegetables?
Customer: Yes, I think. What is Bombay Aloo?
Waiter: It’s potato with hot spices.
Customer: It sounds good.
Waiter: Anything else?
Customer: A little plain water, please.
Waiter: Of course, sir. Here is your bill, sir.
Customer: Thank you.
6. Read the dialogue. Fill in the missing words.
Прочитайте диалог. Вставьте пропущенные слова.
Portions, pass, tomatoes, enough, order, meal, delicious, vegetable
Julia: Is this your first meal at the Indian restaurant?
John: Yes. Could you help me? What’s this? Lamb Rogan Gosht.
Julia: Lamb with..............and yoghurt. Excuse me. We would like to................now, please.
Waiter: Yes, madam.
Julia: We’d like Chicken Shakuti and Lamb Rogan Gosht.
John: And a....................... curry.
Waiter: Yes, sir.
Julia: Oh, yes. We’d like two.................of rice.
Waiter: Anything else?
John: Yes, please. Could you bring us some Indian bread?
Waiter: Yes, sir. Just a moment. ...Enjoy your meal!
Julia: Do you like it?
John: I like this lamb. It’s................... But the chicken...Phew! Sorry. No. I don’t like it.
Julia: Oh. Would you like some more lamb, then?
John: No, thanks. This is.............. Could you..................the bread, please? ...Thank you.
Waiter: How was your......................, madam?
Julia: Very good.
Waiter: Sir?
John: Great! My first Indian meal. But not my last.
7. Read this text.
Прочитайте текст.
A Retired Teacher
Billie worked as a school teacher for thirty-four years in the United States. She is now a retired teacher. Billie tells us about her personal life and the life of the people at the beginning of the twentieth century.
She was born on a farm near Millville, Minnesota, in 1916. They had no electricity on the farm. She went to school in Millville. The school looked like a big, square house. And there were four grades. The smaller people were downstairs – those who were six, seven, eight and nine years old. These were all ages in the same room. One teacher taught all the subjects to these four grades.
When Billie was small a woman became a nurse, a secretary or a teacher or got married. The teacher was her choice. Women didn’t have many choices when she was small.
She started teaching in Millville, in the same school. She started teaching again the six-, seven-, eight– and nine-year-olds.
She enjoyed teaching very much. It was rewarding, extremely rewarding because she saw how the children developed.
Are the sentences true or false?
Верны или не верны данные предложения?
1. Billie was born in the twenty-first century.
2. Billie left the farm to study in school.
3. The small children studied together.
4. Billie was first a secretary and then a teacher.
5. She started teaching in her own school.
6. She liked teaching because she got a lot of money.
Lesson 10. Directions
LEAD-IN
1. Answer the questions about yourself.
Ответьте на вопросы о себе.
1. How do you get to your office?
2. Where do you keep your car?
3. Is your town attractive for tourists?
4. What sights can tourists see in your town?
5. Are you fond of traveling?
6. Where are the shopping centers in your town?
7. Where can tourists stay?
8. Do you know the way to the hospital?
9. Which is the shortest way to the market?
10. Is it easy to use a car in your town?
2. Make up some true sentences about your town. Use the adjectives given.
Составьте несколько предложений о своем городе. Используйте данные прилагательные.
Bigger, more interesting, very useful, the most expensive, more attractive, worse, easier, the best, the most delicious, the smallest, older, more beautiful, comfortable, more modern.
Example: The supermarket in Pushkin Street is bigger than the one in Gorky Street.
3. Complete the story. Use all the verbs given in their past forms.
Закончитерассказ. Используйтеглаголыto buy, to see, to speak, to come, to eat, to take, to meet, to get, to think, to tell, to sell в форме прошедшего времени.
A Tourist in London
It was her first visit to London. She read so much about this city. She learnt to speak the language of the people who lived there. But what she saw with her own eyes was really great!
Anita left Victoria Station and went to the city centre, the so-called Square Mile...
4. Ask Special Questions.
Составьте специальные вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. She left the secondary school when she was sixteen.
2. We are studying this subject at the moment.
3. Her choice was extremely rewarding.
4. He got a diploma in business management.
5. He serves his clients very well.
6. They ordered roast meat in the restaurant.
FOCUS ON VOCABULARY
Активный словарь
Nouns
1. pub – пивная, трактир
2. museum – музей
3. souvenir – сувенир, подарок на память
4. accommodation – помещение, жилье
5. atmosphere – атмосфера, обстановка
6. cost – цена, стоимость
7. leaflet – тонкая брошюра
8. officer – служащий, инспектор
9. timetable – расписание, график работы
10. visit – посещение, визит
11. size – размер
12. appointment – условленная встреча, назначение
13. future – будущее
Future plans – планы на будущее
14. tomorrow – завтра
15. message – послание
16. pardon – извинение
Adjectives
1. international – международный
2. busy – занятой
3. so-so – так себе, сносный
4. effective – эффективный
5. enjoyable – приятный, доставляющий наслаждение
6. full – полный (чего-либо)
Full of water – полный воды
7. hectic – энергичный, нервный
8. impossible – невозможный
9. possible – возможный
10. fast-paced – быстротечный
Fast paced life – Быстротечная жизнь
11. attractive – привлекательный
12. double – двойной
13. peaceful – мирный, спокойный
14. spoilt – испорченный
15. unspoilt – не испорченный
Verbs
1. show – показывать
2. follow – следовать (за, по)
Follow me – Следуйте за мной
3. turn – поворачивать, свернуть
Turn right/left – сворачивать направо/налево
4. forget (forgot) – забывать
5. ski – кататься на лыжах
6. call – звать, называть
7. confirm – утверждать, подтверждать
8. plan – планировать
Adverbs
1. again – снова
2. completely – полностью
3. below – ниже
4. indeed – в действительности
5. mainly – в основном
6. nowadays – в настоящее время
7. probably – вероятно
Word Combinations
1. petrol station – авто заправка
2. traffic light – светофор
3. railway bridge – мост через железнодорожные пути
4. you can’t miss it – Вы это не пропустите
5. business estate – бизнес-центр
6. guest house – гостиница
7. in fact – фактически, в действительности
8. make sure – убедиться
9. I’m afraid that... – Боюсь, что...
10. tomorrow evening – завтра вечером
11. go over – перечитывать, изучать в деталях
12. work out – разрабатывать, вырабатывать
1. Match the word with the translation.
Найдите соответствие между словом и переводом.
2. Make word combinations.
Составьте словосочетания.