He____________(paint) sunflowers in the garden when she_________(come).
c)
Piet Mondrian, being Dutch,__________(come) from a long cultural tradition of flower art.
d)
Alex _________(go) to the park to paint some lilac when he ________(understand) that he___________(forget) his pencils.
e)
Redon_________(not turn) to flower painting until he_____(be) 60 years old.
f)
When she ___________(gather) flowers she________(hear) a noise behind her.
g)
He ______________(not listen) a lecturer, because he ________(read) about foral design before.
9. Choose one of the following floral art-projects. Imagine that you’re an author of one of them. Create the story of how you made it using phrases below and past grammar tenses:
Remember to say:
Which flowers you used
What did you do
USEFUL PHRASES
Ordering information:
Firstly,…
Secondly,…
Thirdly,…
The next thing/point is …
In addition to…
Moreover
Furthermore
Also
Showing contrast:
However
Nevertheless
Despite / in spite of…
On the other hand,…
Finishing the story:
As a result
Finally
In conclusion
Now you know:
–Historical facts about using flower motives in art
–Phrases to order information, show the contrast and finish the story
–How to differ and use Past Simple/Past Continuous/ Past Perfect
Unit 3 Plant Anatomy
1. Study the names of flowers and give Russian equivalents:
2. Check the description, find out which flowers are described and fill in the gaps:
a)
One of the most interesting colors of a ________ variety is the deep purple of the Queen of the Night________.
b)
The usual_______ flower color is a shade of purple, but white, light blue, pale yellow and pink, and even a dark burgundy color are also found.
c)
_______ oil is an important ingredient in the perfume industry.
d)
Before _______was hung in houses to accompany Christmas trees, it was considered to be a sacred plant by the Druids.
e)
_________ are also known as "frost flowers" because florists often use these flowers during the autumn and winter for the preparation of various floral arrangements.
f)
_________ can live on the ground, attached to woody plants or even thrive under the ground.
g)
_________ has green leaves covered with hairs. Leaves can be heart-shaped or ovate.
h)
Other common names for _________ include lion’s mouth, calf’s snout and toad’s mouth.
i)
_____________ are edible, they have citrus-like taste.
j)
Wood of __________ is used for the production of pallets and furniture.
3. Read the text and fill in the mind-map:
Inflorescence – a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch – соцветие
Form and types
Flowers present a variety of combinations in their range of colour, size, form, and anatomical arrangement. They range in size from minute blossoms to giant blooms. In some plants, such as poppy, magnolia, tulip, and petunia, each flower is relatively large and showy and is produced singly, while in other plants, such as aster, snapdragon, and lilac, the individual flowers may be very small and are borne in a distinctive cluster known as an inflorescence. Regardless of their variety, all flowers have a uniform function, the reproduction of the species through the production of seed.
Basically, each flower consists of a floral axis upon which are borne the essential organs of reproduction (stamens and pistils) and usually accessory organs (sepals and petals). The floral axis is a greatly modified stem; it is usually contracted, so that the parts of the flower are crowded together on the stem tip, the receptacle. The flower parts are usually arrayed in whorls but may also be disposed spirally.
There are commonly four distinct whorls of flower parts: (1) an outer calyx consisting of sepals; within it lies (2) the corolla, consisting of petals; (3) the androecium, or group of stamens; and in the centre is (4) the gynoecium, consisting of the pistils.
The sepals and petals together make up the perianth, or floral envelope. The sepals are usually greenish, while the petals are usually colourful and showy. The androecium, or male parts of the flower, comprise the stamens, each of which consists of a supporting filament and an anther, in which pollen is produced. The gynoecium, or female parts of the flower, comprises one or more pistils, each of which consists of an ovary, with an upright extension, the style, on the top of which rests the stigma, the pollen-receptive surface. The ovary encloses the ovules, or potential seeds.
Stamens and pistils are not present together in all flowers. When both are present the flower is said to be perfect, or bisexual, regardless of a lack of any other part that renders it incomplete. When the same plant bears unisexual flowers of both sexes, it is said to be monoecious (e.g. tuberous begonia); when the male and female flowers are on different plants, the plant is dioecious (e.g. holly); when there are male, female, and bisexual flowers on the same plant, the plant is termed polygamous.
A flower may be radially symmetrical, as in roses and petunias, in which case it is termed regular. A bilaterally symmetrical flower, as in orchids and snapdragons, is irregular.
4. Match anatomic words and definitions:
5. Match preposition of place with the pictures according to the blue ball position:
6. Choose any flower from ex. 1 and describe it according to the mind-map with the use of preposition of place and useful phrases:
USEFUL PHRASES
In the picture I can see …
There’s / There are some…
There isn’t a … / There aren’t any …
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Now you know:
–Anatomy of flower
–Main botanical forms of flowers
–Prepositions of place
–How to describe flowers with the use of there is/ there are
–New words:
Unit 4 Floriography
1. Answer the questions:
What can flowers symbolize?
Which flowers represent love, hope, healing, and good luck?
What do you think “Floriography” means?
Floriography is the term used to represent the language of flowers.
2. Read the first part of the text and decide if the statements a-f are true or false:
The History of Flower Meanings
The symbolic language of flowers has been recognized for centuries in many countries throughout Europe and Asia. They even play a large role in William Shakespeare’s works. Mythologies, folklore, sonnets, and plays of the ancient Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and Chinese are peppered with flower and plant symbolism—and for good reason. Nearly every sentiment imaginable can be expressed with flowers. The orange blossom, for instance, means purity, and loveliness, while the red chrysanthemum means “I love you.”
Flowery Language of the Victorian Era
Learning the special symbolism of flowers became a popular pastime during the 1800s. Nearly all Victorian homes had, alongside the Bible, guidebooks for deciphering the “language,” although definitions shifted depending on the source.
In the Victorian era, flowers were primarily used to deliver messages that couldn’t be spoken aloud. In a sort of silent dialogue, flowers could be used to answer “yes” or “no” questions. A “yes” answer came in the form of flowers handed over with the right hand; if the left hand was used, the answer was “no.”
Plants could also express aversive feelings, such as the “conceit” of pomegranate or the “bitterness” of aloe. Similarly, if given a rose declaring “devotion” or an apple blossom showing “preference,” one might return to the suitor a yellow carnation to express “disdain.”
How flowers were presented and in what condition were important. If the flowers were given upside down, then the idea being conveyed was the opposite of what was traditionally meant. How the ribbon was tied said something, too: Tied to the left, the flowers’ symbolism applied to the giver, whereas tied to the right, the sentiment was in reference to the recipient. And, of course, a wilted bouquet delivered an obvious message!
More examples of plants and their associated human qualities during the Victorian era include bluebells and kindness, peonies and bashfulness, rosemary and remembrance, and tulips and passion. The meanings and traditions associated with flowers have certainly changed over time, and different cultures assign varying ideas to the same species, but the fascination with “perfumed words” persists just the same.
3. Read the text once again and complete first two columns (flower and meaning in the Victorian era) in the table:
4. Think what the flowers from the text symbolize nowadays. Check your ideas and complete the third column of the table from exc. 3:
5. Write the names of flowers from the table in exc.3 under the pictures:
6. Read an abstract from the text above and match the usage of the construction in bold and examples:
7. Study the rules:
Rules
One might return to the suitor a yellow carnation to express “disdain.”(reason)
Watering plants is essential. (subject)
8. Open the brackets by choosing correct answers in the following sentences:
a)
I love ________(to see/seeing) so many florists getting around this and sharing ideas on ways we can limit it in our work.
b)
Lilac and the Cat avoids ________(using/to use) cellophane, floral foam, ribbons or any unnatural elements in its designs.
c)
She needs_______(to buy/buying) a new pink ribbon today.
d)
They also specialize in “interior greening”, which harnesses the power of plants _________(reducing/to reduce) indoor toxins.
e)
WildFlora’s team is made up of young women with backgrounds in dance, creative _______(to write/writing) and photography.
f)
She was happy ________(seeing/to see) how many fresh daisies there are in our shop.
g)
This company says it’s on a mission “_________(to bring/bringing) forth geographically and environmentally inspired solutions and products that are ecologically responsible.
9. Read the second part of the text and decide which flowers you would give in concrete situations written under the text using phrases for expressing opinions:
Flower Meanings by Color
Flowers provided an incredibly nuanced form of communication. Some plants, including roses, poppies, and lilies, could express a wide range of emotions based on their color alone.
Take, for instance, all of the different meanings attributed to variously colored carnations: Pink meant “I’ll never forget you”; red said “my heart aches for you”; purple conveyed capriciousness; white was for the “the sweet and lovely”; and yellow expressed romantic rejection.
Likewise, a white violet meant “innocence,” while a purple violet said that the bouquet giver’s “thoughts were occupied with love.” A red rose was used to openly express feelings of love, while a red tulip was a confession of love. The calla lily was interpreted to mean “magnificent beauty,” and a clover said “think of me.”
Unsurprisingly, the color of the rose plays a huge role. Red roses symbolize love and desire, but roses come in a variety of colors and each has their own meaning.
White rose: purity, innocence, reverence, a new beginning, a fresh start.
Red rose: love, I love you
Deep, dark crimson rose: mourning
Pink rose: grace, happiness, gentleness
Yellow rose: jealousy, infidelity
Orange rose: desire and enthusiasm
Lavender rose: love at first sight
Coral rose: friendship, modesty, sympathy
Situation 1: A man saw a beautiful woman on the street and immediately fell in love with her. He wants to show her his feelings.
Situation 2: A girl has a boyfriend who needs to go to an army. She wants him not to forget her during the year there.
Situation 3: One old man has a tragic moment in his life and now he is on his way to the funeral. Before he get there he will buy some flowers.
Situation 4: A shop assistant saw a wonderful pretty woman who was buying some dresses. He wants to say to her that she looks amazing giving her some flowers from the nearest florist shop.
USEFUL PHRASES
In my opinion, …
To my mind, …
As far as I am concerned, …
From my point of view, …
As for me / As to me, …
I would say that …
It seems to me that …
I think/ consider/ find/ feel/ believe/ suppose/ assume that …
10. Study the info graphics and express your opinion about people’s choice of flowers using the phrases from exc. 9. Provide examples to prove your point of view using names of flowers:
Floriography and Flower Gifting