6) The iconostasis. In Orthodoxy an altar partition consisting of rows of icons, separating the temple (parishioners) from the altar, respectively, the priests, and the ritual of the priesthood. In the Western tradition, there is no such clear separation of the people from the hierarchs.
7) Clears (from other Greek κλρος getting a place or land by lot). Elevation, sometimes partially enclosed, for singers or readers. Sometimes a choir of choristers is called choir.
8) Salt (from the Latin solum flat place, foundation). Raising the floor before the altar barrier or the iconostasis. In the front part of the saltwater there is the pulpit (another Greek μβωνος ledge, elevation) with the chair (other Greek καθέδρα armchair, throne), a symbol of the authority of the bishop, or, in the Catholic and Protestant temples sacred texts.
9) The middle part of the temple. A place for parishioners. In orthodox (orthodox) churches, the service is accepted standing, in Roman Catholic and Protestant sitting on benches (sometimes, on the sign of the priest, rising).
10) The porch (from the Latin praetorium, place for the praetor tent, later the central square of the city). Passage part of the temple, vestibule. In the pre-Niconian Orthodox Church, the vestibule is usually very capacious, designed for a joint meal, gathering people during any emergency, warming pilgrims in the cold season (days), etc.
11) Candle box, literally a church shop. Theoretically, trade here does not happen, but donations are made to the temple. In theory, in case of extreme need, you can ask for a candle for free. Practically, (nowadays) trade in various goods (wine, candles, books), including quite secular calendars, paintings, is also being conducted in the middle part of the temple.
12) The porch (from the Latin atrium, ater smoked, black, the room blackened by soot, or from the Latin pauper poor) a platform in front of the inner porch of the church, in which in the first centuries of Christianity there were crying and repentant. The first temple elevation. Usually in the middle of the porch there was a pool in which believers washed their hands and face, before entering the church. The usual place for beggars to ask for alms.
3. Symbolic meaning of the architecture of the temple:
1) The porch. The face of the earths being.
2) The stages of the ascent from the earthly to the heavenly.
3) The heavenly realm of earthly existence
4) Visible Sky
5) The main part of the temple
6) Amvon the region of representation (meeting) of each other to Heaven and Earth
7) The dome above the altar is a symbolic and real Kingdom of Heaven
8) The throne is the throne of the Heavenly King
Protestant churches (temples), despite their influence (the United States, England, in all around the world 800 million people), usually do not differ richly decorated. There is no icon-worship, veneration of the relics of the saints: accordingly, there are no icons in the building, or arches with relics. Attitude to the saints, at the same time, respectful. The building of the church can be any leased public building. In the altar there is a table stretched across the hall, with books of the Old and New Testaments, and lamps. Here, with the sermons of the Padres (the Father), the liturgy, communion and baptism are held. The two sacraments are the only ones recognized by this denomination. Much attention is paid here to solving the worldly problems of parishioners, unraveling family conflicts, quarrels of neighbors, etc. (faith without deeds is dead). Protestants (from Latin publicly proving) are usually not in some kind of confrontation with the Jewish religion, such as Orthodox and Catholics, see the state of Israel as an important field of Gods activities until the second coming of Jesus Christ.
The priest, as a rule, is elected, from among the most respected parishioners. Apostolic succession (elevation to the rank through ordination, that is, consecration) is absent.
4. The synagogue (the other Greek assembly, or the Hebrew beyte knes house of assembly, it is also meadat meat small sanctuary) the place of public worship, the center of religious life (Jewish) community.
1. Entrance, a place for a washbasin (washing of hands). On the door frame is attached a case with a fragment from the Torah, mezuzah before it the parishioner should be touched. This case can be recognized by the initial letter, one of the names of God Shaddai, somewhat resembling the Russian Sh. This (but not necessarily mandatory) rule extends to private Jewish dwellings. Married women enter the sanctuary, usually with something covered (wig, headscarf, etc.) head and. Womens pants, calling clothes, neckline are not welcome. Men are wearing a headdress in the synagogue (and, in general, outside it): it is a symbol of recognizing the power of God.
2.3. Prayer rooms on the edges of the prayer hall. Sacred texts, relics, memorable photographs can be placed here. This interior helps to increase the useful area of the walls of the sanctuary, and also creates conditions for more trusting communication among parishioners, including discussion of earthly matters, etc. Men and women, usually only during prayer, gather separately. This custom does not work during a festive meal or a concert (once again, yes: the synagogue, in spite of its high sacral value, is not the Temple, but only the House of Assembly).
4. Bima or almear. The elevation in the center of the synagogue, with a table where the chosen minister (rabbi, hazzan, or another worthy parishioner) reads the Torah and (usually the final public reading) excerpts from the book of the Prophets Gaftary. Sometimes readers (called by parishioners) can replace each other.
5. In some cases, the bima has a fenced passage to the synagogue ark (6), or merges with it. In this place are located lamps.
6. The Synagogue Ark, Hebrew. aron kodash. The symbolic reflection of the Ark of the Covenant, the cabinet in which the Torah scrolls are located. When you open the doors of the ark, those present, if they sit, stand up. The most important prayers are pronounced before the open (Celestial Gate) cabinet.
7. Above the ark is the Unquenchable lamp, ner tamid, the symbol of the Menorah, the oil (golden, seven-barrel) lamp of the Temple. Neramid, ideally, should burn all night, just like the Menorah in the Temple, and (preferably) also a day.
5. Mosque (the Arab place of worship). The first mosque is a cubic building in Mecca, Kaaba (Arab Cube), or also Beitou-Llah House of God. During the annual hajj (pilgrimage), believers seven times bypass the sanctuary (ritual tawaf circumvention), pronouncing prayers, asking for mercy and forgiveness.
Inside the Kaaba there are three columns; two lamps, a table, walls and floors made of marble. The upper inner walls of the Kaaba are closed by a curtain on which the shahada is written. Shahada, the symbol of the faith of Muslims, reads like this: I testify that there is no other God except Allah, and I also testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
The meaning of the last words is the rejection of other beliefs in the same spirit, from the multitude of other preachers who preach their teachings in pre-Islamic times, and so interfere with each other.
1) Pond for bathing before prayer (prayer).
2) The main prayer hall (for men). Ahead are the venerable elders, then to the entrance middle-aged people and youth. The floors are carpeted. On the walls are excerpts from the Koran. Images of living beings are forbidden. Namaz includes waist and earthly obeisances (sitting on the knees), praising Allah (Allahu Akbar), lifting palms to the sky, while thumbs touch the earlobes, reading the suras of the Koran
2) The main prayer hall (for men). Ahead are the venerable elders, then to the entrance middle-aged people and youth. The floors are carpeted. On the walls are excerpts from the Koran. Images of living beings are forbidden. Namaz includes waist and earthly obeisances (sitting on the knees), praising Allah (Allahu Akbar), lifting palms to the sky, while thumbs touch the earlobes, reading the suras of the Koran
3) For women, a separate room is set up, or a balcony with an opaque curtain.
4) Minbar tribune, the department with which the imam reads Fridays sermon. The Imam standing in front is also an example for imitation a clergyman, the head of the mosque, who directs the general prayer, performs the rites.
Trebas are sacred actions and prayers, performed by a priest at the request (request, order) of individual parishioners.
Imam in prayer can be any worthy Muslim who knows the Koran well, regardless of his social status. This service (usually without interruption from the conduct of any other activity, which gives daily bread) promotes the multilateral development of man. Imams are often teachers (mentors), interlocutors, writers, etc.
In Shiites, the imam (the supreme imam) who has the right to interpret the Koran and guide believers can only be (blood) heirs of the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, Abu Talib. Small Imams, ie, in the Sunni tradition, imams are appointed fuqaha (people who have a special theological education for service in the mosque). Hereditary right and appointment instead of elections are practiced, first of all, in Iraq, among Shiites, and also part of Saudi Arabia.
Mulla is a connoisseur of the ritual, the teacher of the madrasah and, also, the imam.
Muezzin (screaming in public) is an assistant to the Imam. Being on a high minaret, the muezzin calls on Muslims to perform compulsory prayer.
Kadi has the status above the imam of the mosque, and is the head of the Muslims of the city or region. In addition to worship, the kadi deals with litigation, family conflicts, the investigation of various kinds of crimes, and the punishment of the perpetrators. Kadi can be elected, or appointed, depending on the specifics of the state.
5. Mihrab. The niche in the wall of the mosque, indicating the direction to Mecca, giving the impression of an infinite deepening, serving as a focal point of the views of the parishioners. Usually the mihrab is richly decorated, well lit, has two columns and an arch. In the very hollow, he has the right to perform prayer, first of all, the imam.
6. Minaret (the Arab manara, i.e., Mayak), a high narrow tower for calling Muslims to prayer. Early minarets have a circular staircase from the outside, more modern ones inside.
7. Park with ponds (fountains) for rest, a frequent addition to the mosque.
6 We can develop the idea of a place of assembly, a temple in something most appropriate to the spirit of the times. Alas, the Orthodox Church, which did not seem to have learned any lessons from the events of a hundred years ago, is in fact separated from the people, whatever happens, is in the positive conviction of ones own rightness, and is rigidly attached to the princes of this world. There is, however, the hope that in the presence of a new, friendly competition, it will reconsider its attitude to the world.
1) T. n. Lighthouse or Tribune. High tower, the location of the person chosen by the community for the transmission of prayers (desires, images of the desired reality), the so-called translation (translatio translation) into the Light (World). Broadcasting time from two to twelve hours (in the morning or evening dusk). At the same time, the Missionary (Messenger) kindles a flame in the oil lamp of the Lighthouse.
1a) A certain reflection of the Lighthouse, an artificial or natural elevation, the so-called. Mountain. On some holidays a sacred place to collect the whole community.
2) Clean (leveled, plowed) place around Mayak. Enclosed by a shallow moat and a mound. At the Vigil, the Missionary (Tribune) has the right to descend from the tower and bypass it along the perimeter of the Circle.
3) The building of the Temple (Places of Assembly), called, by name of the Throne, Monolith (Mole), or Peace. Ideally, it is organized outside the village. Initially, it can be a collection in a conventional library, the so-called. anti-smoking, school, or even an apartment.
4) Four roughly identical rooms in the corners of the temple. A place for confession, solitary prayer, reading, preparing a sermon, preparing for the service, solving any practical matters, etc. There is a table, chairs, books on history, science and technology, the sacred texts of major world religions.
5) Circle of benches, for listening to the sermon, discussion and compilation of actual prayers (broadcasts), election of the Missionary.
6) Tribune, Monolith, Rum, or Missionarys Throne. The pier is an elevation in the center of the room, with a lamp located just above the eye level (Mayak analog) on a massive stone stand. In the first versions, the mole is most likely only symbolic, later it can be transformed into a real acting, amplifying mental images, a physical device.
7) Location proper, Missionary. The tribune is elected from the community (local Spiritual Government), no more than twice in a row, to conduct a common prayer and, above all, broadcast. After discussing the global issues of the world order, parishioners move on to tasks of a smaller scale. These are state problems, politics and economics, the life of a house, a block, a settlement, the behavior of certain people. Persons guilty of certain crimes are given penance after the demonstration trial, with a presentation to the Missionary.
A missionary can nominate himself, or be elected at the suggestion of his closest friends. This person, already in a new status, puts on his neck a knotted white scarf (ribbon), which suggests the name Zona (from the Latin belt). The color of the bandage The zone is white, or silver, can vary with thin black, red, etc. strips.
Being in one of the corner rooms, Tribune listens to the confessions of the parishioners, gives advice (he has the right to do it, even with some pressure), corrects their dreams from the positions of the general principles of humanism and common sense. The main idea of the Temple, the symbol of faith: all the best wishes to incarnate, we are obliged to help it, paradise is created by its head and hands, the divine presence is manifested precisely in this work.
Of course, the word Rye means not so much material welfare, but, first of all, the relationship between people. The parishioner of the Monolith is obliged to reflect on the effective, and even divine social structure, also on ones own health, beauty, awakening of unusual useful abilities, rejuvenation (the concept of gradual flow into the Kingdom of Heaven).
Around the ascent of the Missionary, standing on the platform, the parishioners circle around, or (and) the traditions have not yet been worked out, applauded, and glorify their chosen one. The latter reads sermons, historical texts with morals and meaning (awareness of certain mistakes of humanity). Here he announces, in what form, exactly what desires of parishioners he intends to Broadcast.
Further, the parishioners diverge, and the chosen Servant remains alone, for the concentrated ascension of prayers into the Light.
In another version, or at the same time, the Missionary goes to the Lighthouse, lights the fire and prays there, also, completely alone, for hours or even days.