71
Hart, The Southern South, p. 294.
72
Ibid., p. 292.
73
Washington in the Forum, p. 270.
74
Review of Reviews, p. 318.
75
Review of Reviews, p. 319.
76
Ibid., p. 319.
77
Weatherford, Negro Life in the South, p. 110.
78
Washington and Du Bois, The Negro in the South, p. 64.
79
Ibid., p. 71.
80
Washington, Working with the Hands, p. 239.
81
Washington and Du Bois, The Negro in the South, p. 61.
82
"One of the most assailable laws ever passed by the Congress of the United States Under this act the Negro had no chance; the meshes of the law were artfully contrived to aid the master and entrap the slave." Rhodes, History of the United States, I, 185.
83
"A large proportion of the colored persons who have fled from the free states have sought refuge in Canada where they have been received with remarkable kindness and have testified the grateful sense of their reception by their exemplary conduct." American Anti-slavery Society, annual report for 1851, p. 31.
84
Liberator, October 18, 1850.
85
Annual report for 1851, p. 30.
86
A file of this paper for 1851 and 1852 is in the library of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
87
American Missionary Association, Sixth Annual Report, 1852, p. 34.
88
Mitchell, Underground Railroad, p. 113.
89
Liberator, October 4, 1850.
90
Ibid., October 18, 1850.
91
Ibid., October 4, 1850.
92
Ibid., April 25, 1851.
93
Ibid., May 2, 1851.
94
Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 249.
95
Ibid., p. 249.
96
Stevens, Anthony Burns, a History, p. 208.
97
American Anti-slavery Society, Eleventh Annual Report, 1851, p. 31.
98
The Voice of the Fugitive, April 9, 1851.
99
Cong. Herald, May 13, 1861, quoted in American Missionary Association, 15th annual report, 1861, p. 28. There is evidence that the Fugitive Slave Law was used in some cases to strike fear into the hearts of Negroes in order to cause them to abandon their property. The Liberator of October 25, 1850, quotes the Detroit Free Press to the effect that land speculators have been scaring the Negroes in some places in the north in order to get possession of their properties.
100
American Anti-slavery Society, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, 1861, p. 49.
101
In The Liberator of July 30, 1852, a letter from Hiram Wilson, at St. Catharines, says: "Arrivals from slavery are frequent."
102
The Voice of the Fugitive, July 29, 1852.
103
Ibid., July 1, 1852.
104
St. Catharine's Journal, quoted in The Voice of the Fugitive, September 23, 1852.
105
Quoted in The Liberator, September 12, 1851.
106
Liberator, February 14, 1851.
107
The Voice of the Fugitive, August 27, 1851.
108
Quoted in American Anti-slavery Society, Twenty-seventh Report, 1861.
109
American Anti-slavery Society, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, 1861, pp. 48-49.
110
P. 157.
111
Rhodes, History of the United States, I, 210.
112
Ibid., I, 224-25. See also Ward, Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro, p. 127.
113
Ibid., I, 222-23. See also The Voice of the Fugitive, June 3 and July 1, 1852.
114
Schauler, History of the United States, V, 290-291.
115
Troy, Hairbreadth Escapes, pp. 39-43.
116
Liberator, June 11, 1852. See also The Voice of the Fugitive, June 17, 1852.
117
Ibid., July 30, 1852.
118
Liberator, Sept. 12, 1851; The Voice of the Fugitive, Sept. 24, 1851; Anti-slavery Tracts, New Series, No. 15, p. 19.
119
Sandusky Commercial Register, Oct. 21, 1852; Liberator, Oct. 29, 1852; Anti-slavery Tracts, New Series, No. 15, p. 24.
120
The Voice of the Fugitive, February 12, 1851.
121
Ninth Annual Report, N. Y., 1855, p. 47
122
American Anti-slavery Society, Eleventh Annual Report, 1851, p. 100.
123
The Voice of the Fugitive of January 15, 1851, and November 18, 1852.
124
Ibid., January 1 and May 20, 1852.
125
Troy, Hair-breadth Escapes, pp. 108 and 122.
126
"The Canadian government reckoned that there had been not less than 40,000 Canadian enlistments in the American Army during the Civil War."Goldwin Smith's Correspondence (letter to Moberly Bell), p. 377.
127
Taken in great measure from the biographical notice by the writer in the Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, July, 1896.
128
For a general sketch of this period see W. J. Gardner's a History of Jamaica, pp. 211-317.
129
This movement had for years been promoted by the heroic few. It was then getting a hearing in Parliament. They first advocated the abolition of the slave trade and then directed attention to slavery.
130
These contributions closely connected Hill with the men whose new thought revolutionized science a few decades later.
131
San Domingo was then independent and the success of the free Negroes there would have a direct bearing on the anti-slavery movement, as indifferent white men sometimes contended that the free Negro was a failure.
132
Slavery in the British West Indies was not actually abolished instantly. Gradual emancipation was the method tried in most parts and even in cases of immediate emancipation the system of apprenticeship which followed was not much better than slavery.
133
The office of Secretary to the Stipendiary Magistrates was established in order to assist Governor Sligo to get through the enormous amount of correspondence entailed by the complaints sent to him in connection with the administration of the laws with regard to the apprenticeship system.
134
Documents printed by order of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts during the Session of the Grand Court, 1861, No. 96, p. 10.
135
The figures given by The Centinel differed a little from these. According to its census in 1765, Barnstable had 516 Indians instead of 515; Bristol had 401 Negroes and 167 Indians; Essex 977 Negroes instead of 1,070; Middlesex 871 Negroes and 37 Indians; Nantucket 93 Indians instead of 149; Norfolk 420 Negroes instead of 414; Plymouth 223 Indians instead of 227; Suffolk 891 Negroes instead of 844; Worcester 304 Negroes instead of 267. See J. H. Benton's Early Census making in Massachusetts.
136
Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, passim.
137
Documents printed by order of the Senate of Massachusetts, 1861, No. 96, p. 84.
138
Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, p. 10.
139
Ibid., p. 34.
140
The Laws of Massachusetts, 1811.
141
Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, pp. 38-39.
142
Laws of Massachusetts, 1828.
143
"Sixty-six out of the whole number of the tribe, at the time of the enumeration, were not residents of the District; but 52 of them were considered as retaining their rights in the tribe, and more than half of the 66 were understood to be only temporary residents abroad, expecting, at some time, to return to Marshpee, and make it their permanent place of residence. A few others, as a matter of personal convenience, are now residing just over the line, and are so returned, but they consider themselves as identified with the tribe in all respects, and are so considered by the tribe. Fourteen individuals, included in the above 66, whose names are in the 'Supplementary List,' own no land in the District, but have been gone so long from it, that they are not now recognized by residents as members of the tribe." Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, p. 40.
144
Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, p. 47.
145
Ibid., pp. 73-74.
146
Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, p. 84.
147
Documents printed by order of the Senate, 1861, No. 96, p. 101.
148
Ibid., p. 109.
149
Ibid., pp. 131-132.
150
Massachusetts Acts of 1884, 1890, 1892, and 1893.
151
Massachusetts Acts of 1869, Chapter 463.
152
"A method was also provided through which his title might be established. This was through Commissioners which were to be appointed by the Probate Court who were to act under the direction of the Court and determine all necessary questions and make their report from which the Court could make its order or decrees. Any person who deemed himself aggrieved had the right to appeal to the Supreme Judicial Court. The right of the Indians became vested and forcible the moment the statute took effect." See a statement from the present Attorney General of Massachusetts, dated December 1, 1919.
153
"Section 5, chapter 463 of the Acts of 1869 provided that the general agent of the board of state charities shall take charge of the house, and all property connected therewith, in the town of Webster, belonging to the Commonwealth and permission was given him to lease the same to persona heretofore known as members of the Dudley tribe of Indians, upon terms substantially like those upon which they have heretofore occupied it; or to sell the same at public auction under the direction of the state board of charities and pay the proceeds of such lease or sale into the Treasury of the Commonwealth." Statement of present Attorney General of Massachusetts, submitted December 1, 1919.
154
Samuel A. Drake, History of Middlesex County. Massachusetts, pp. 194, 280.
155
John W. Cromwell, The Negro in American History, 98-103.
156
These facts were obtained from Mr. Butler himself.
157
This list was obtained from the office of the Attorney General of Massachusetts.
158
Compiled by Monroe N. Work.
159
Beverly, History of Alabama, 202, 208.
160
Beverly, History of Alabama, 202, 208.