Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды
Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке
Татьяна Муратова
© Татьяна Муратова, 2020
BAIKAL LESSONS. УРОКИ БАЙКАЛА
YOUR ENVIRONMENTS. ТВОИ ОКРУЖАЮЩИЕ СРЕДЫ
A Resource Manual
for
TEACHING AND LEARNING ECOLOGY IN ENGLISH
A Compilation by: Tatiana Mouratova
TATIANA MOURATOVA ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
Об авторе
Татьяна Антоновна Муратова родилась в 1954 году седьмым ребёнком в многодетной семье служащего. Отец, Антон Поликарпович Милюшкин, работал бухгалтером, имея образование 4 класса. Мать, Надежда Ивановна Милюшкина (в девичестве Воронова), была безграмотной крестьянкой. Советская власть позволила всем детям получить бесплатное среднее, средне-специальное и высшее образование. После окончания Байкальской средней школы 10 в 1971 году Татьяна поступила в Иркутский Политехнический институт и окончила его в 1976 году, получив специальность инженера строителя промышленных и гражданских зданий. 30 лет жизни отдано строительству БАМа, сначала инженером строительных организаций Северобайкальска, затем главным экономистом электросвязи. Кроме производственной деятельности она занималась обширной общественной деятельностью по направлениям: экология, туризм, образование, русская литература, в том числе пушкиноведение и декабристоведение, имеет двоих детей и внука.
Публикации в сети Интернет:
http://www.stihi.ru/avtor/sibiryachka1
http://www.proza.ru/avtor/zolotco
https://www.youtube.com/user/tamuratova
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.«Investigating Your Environment» (Teaching Materials for Environmental Education)
Developed by :
USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Public Affairs Natural Resource Education
2.«Earth Notes For Educators, grade K-6», issue number 1.
EPA Number: EPA22K-1001
Source: NCEPI NTIS Number: N/A 1991
3.The Program of the Conference"Alliance to Save Russian Taiga Forest»
USA Washington, Seattle
November,1995
4.«All around you»
Piter Ltd, Saint-Petersburg, 1996
5.«English for Students»
GLOSSA, Moscow, 1995
6. «Volna»
Ecological Education, Irkutsk, 19961999
7.«Atlas of Earthcare»
Gaia Books Limited, London, 1996
8.«Guide to Environmental Issues»
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, 1995
8.«Siberian BAM Railway Guide»
Trailblazer Publications 1995
9. «EPA JOURNAL». «Looking Ahead at Environmental Education»
Spring 1995 EPA 175-N-95-003
10.«EPA JOURNAL». «Clean Water Agenda»
Summer 1994 EPA 175-N-94-002
11. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE. Twentieth session Merida, Mexico 27 December 1996.
12.«English for schoolchildren»
«Drofa» Moscow 1999
13. «English» N. Sikorskaya
Moscow 1992
14. «English for Managers» L. Salnikova
Moscow 1992
15. A Comprehensive Program of Land Use Policies for the Russian Portion of the Lake Baikal Region.
THE LAKE BAIKAL REGION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OR CONTINUED DEGRADATION?
A cooperative project prepared at the request of the:
Buryat Republic
Chita Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast
by the:
Center for Citizen Initiatives USA
Center for Socio-Ecological Issues of the Baikal Region
Davis Associates
Russian Academy of Sciences
March 1993
16. BAIKAL AS A WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE SITE: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Edited by Nicolai L. Dobretsov
Publishing House SB RAS Novosibirsk 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bibliography
I. General Items
1. Environmental Protection
2. Acid Rains
3. Pollution
4. Air and Land Pollution
5. Air and Water Pollution
6. Oil and Gasoline
7. Green Management
8. A Unique Lake
9. Lake Baikal is in the World Heritage Site
10.The Fragile Environment
11.The Road from Rio
12. Eco-politics
13. Laws
II. Your Basic Environments
1. Water
2. Soil
3. Wildlife
4. Forests
5. Plants
III. Your Unique Environments
1. Desert
2. Dunes
3. Marine
4. Pond
5. Range
IY. Summary
1.Environmental and Cultural Education
2. Eco-Babble
Y. Supplement
1. The ecological conference
2. Region Olympics «Ecology in English»
3. Questions
4. Certificates
5. Scientific project
6. Signs of hope
7. Strategies for a sustainable development of tourism in the Baikal Region
I. GENERAL ITEMS
Economists have long thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources. They have thought that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all the rubbish the economy throws into them. In fact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with all its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil. The environment has to absorb all its waste products.
Nevertheless, some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources. For example, pumping waste gases from a power station does not get rid of them. The waste gases cause acid rain; this leads to forest damage an therefore reduces the resources of forestry industry.
There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid rain. Another one is water shortage resulting from abuse of arable lands in agriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth problem is damage to water and soils. The fifth one is damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear. Lastly, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result of the above-mentioned consequences. This is the danger for the life and health of the man.
The territories of the former Soviet Union are suffering many environmental problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities. Apart from the effect of Chernobyl disaster, the worst problem is probably in the area around the Aral Sea. Cotton growing in the region has used huge quantities of water, and the seas level has fallen by 14 yards. This destroyed fishing industry and led to a damage in soils, crops and wildlife. Many forests in the north of European Russia and the Far East are under threat. A system of dams on the Volga has caused damage to fish.
If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by mans activities, very soon well have no world to live in.
Topical Vocabulary.
an unlimited source of resources неисчерпаемый источник ресурсов
to absorb smth. поглощать
to be closely related быть тесно связанным
to supply the economy with resources обеспечивать экономику
ресурсами
to damage the resources нанести вред ресурсам
to pump waste gases выбрасывать отработанные газы
to cause acid rain вызвать кислотный дождь
to lead to forest damage привести к повреждениям
to reduce the resources of сократить ресурсы чего-либо
water shortage нехватка воды
to result from быть результатом чего-либо
abuse of arable lands неправильное использование земель
destroying the ozone layer разрушение озонового слоя
damage to water and soils вред водам и почвам
damage to wildlife вред дикой природе
species of animals and plants виды животных и растений
to arise from возникать вследствие чего-либо
to suffer an environmental problem сталкиваться с проблемой
окружающей среды
the effect of the Chernobyl disaster последствия Чернобыльской
катастрофы
cotton growing хлопководство
to be under threat быть под угрозой
a system of dams система плотин
to use the environment carefully осторожно использовать
окружающую среду
to protect smth. from damage защитить что-либо от повреждений
Answer the questions:
1.What have many economists thought of the environment?
2.Why do some economists think that pollution damages the resources?
3.What are the consequences of damaging the environment?
4.What environmental problems suffer the territories of the former Soviet Union?
5.What could happen if we dont learn to use the environment carefully?
Translate into English:
1.Окружающая среда это не неиссякаемый источник ресурсов.
2.Окружающая среда не может поглощать все отходы, которые экономика выбрасывает.
3.Окружающая среда обеспечивает экономику ресурсами.
4. Загрязнение окружающей среды вызывает кислотный дождь.
5.Загрязнение окружающей среды сокращает ресурсы промышленности.
6.Чрезмерное использование земель ведет к нехватке водных ресурсов.
7.Выбросы отходов в воздух разрушают озоновый слой земли.
8.Выбросы отходов наносят вред земле, почве и дикой природе.
9.Среди проблем окружающей среды на территории бывшего СССР последствия Чернобыльской катастрофы, проблема Аральского моря и другие.
10.Мы должны научиться бережно использовать окружающую среду.
Ecology The study of the relationships between all living organisms and the environment, especially the totality or pattern of interactions; a view that includes all plant and animal species and their unique contributions to a particular habitat.
Ecosystem The interacting synergism of all living organisms in a particular environment; every plant, insect, aquatic animal, bird, or land species that forms a complex web of interdependency. An action taken at any level in the food chain, use of a pesticide for example, has a potential domino effect on every other occupant of that system.
Climate Change this term is commonly used interchangeably with «global warming» and «greenhouse effect», but is more descriptive term. Climate change refers to the buildup of man-made gases in the atmosphere that trap the suns heat, causing changes in weather patterns on a global scale. The effects include changes in rainfall patterns, sea level rise, potential droughts, habitat loss, and heat stress. The greenhouse gases of most concern are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides. If these gases in our atmosphere double, the earth could warm up 1.5 to 4.5 degrees by the year 2050, with changes in global precipitation having the greatest consequences.
Pesticide A chemical used to kill animal or plant pests.
Smog Air pollution caused by the mixture of smoke
1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
The poisoning of the worlds land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of historys dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.
Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect. The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now. Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening-equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.
Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains. An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. People are beginning to realise that environmental problems are somebody elses. They join and support various international organisations and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening-perhaps well be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.