AI vendor (ИИ вендор) is a supplier of AI tools (systems, solutions).
AI vendor (AI vendor is a supplier of AI tools (systems, solutions).
AI winter (Winter of artificial intelligence, Зима искусственного интеллекта) is a period of reduced interest in the subject area, reduced research funding. The term was coined by analogy with the idea of nuclear winter. The field of artificial intelligence has gone through several cycles of hype, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by a strong cooling off of interest, and then followed by renewed interest years or decades later [30].
AI workstation (ИИ рабочая станция) a workstation (PC) with means (based on) AI; AI PC, a specialized desktop PC for solving technical or scientific problems, AI tasks; usually connected to a LAN with multi-user operating systems, intended primarily for the individual work of one specialist.
AI workstation (AI workstation is a workstation (PC) with (based on) AI; AI RS, a specialized computer for solving technical or scientific problems, AI tasks; usually connected to a LAN with multi-user operating systems, intended primarily for the individual work of one specialist.
AI-based management system (Система управления на основе искусственного интеллекта) the process of creating policies, allocating decision-making rights and ensuring organizational responsibility for risk and investment decisions for an application, as well as using artificial intelligence methods.
AI-based systems (Системы на основе ИИ) are information processing technologies that include models and algorithms that provide the ability to learn and perform cognitive tasks, with results in the form of predictive assessment and decision making in a material and virtual environment. AI systems are designed to work with some degree of autonomy through modeling and representation of knowledge, as well as the use of data and the calculation of correlations. AI-based systems can use various methodologies, in particular: machine learning, including deep learning and reinforcement learning; automated reasoning, including planning, dispatching, knowledge representation and reasoning, search and optimization. AI-based systems can be used in cyber-physical systems, including equipment control systems via the Internet, robotic equipment, social robotics and human-machine interface systems that combine the functions of control, recognition, processing of data collected by sensors, as well as the operation of actuators in the environment of functioning of AI systems.
AI-complete (Сложный/завершенный искусственный интеллект) In the field of artificial intelligence, the most difficult problems are informally known as AI-complete or AI-hard, implying that the difficulty of these computational problems is equivalent to that of solving the central artificial intelligence problem making computers as intelligent as people, or strong AI. To call a problem AI-complete reflects an attitude that it would not be solved by a simple specific algorithm [31]
AI-enabled (AI-enabled is AI-enabled hardware or software that uses AI-enabled AI, such as AI-enabled tools.
AI-enabled AI-enabled using AI and equipped with AI, for example, AI-enabled tools tools with AI (see also AI-enabled device).
AI-enabled device (AI-enabled device is a device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot.
AI-enabled device (Устройство, оснащенное ИИ) A device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot (see also AI-enabled healthcare device).
AI-enabled healthcare device (AI-enabled healthcare device is an AI-enabled healthcare device.
AI-enabled healthcare device (Оснащенное ИИ медицинское устройство) is an AI-enabled device for healthcare (medical care), see also AI-enabled device.
AI-optimized (AI-optimized is one that is optimized for AI tasks or optimized using AI tools, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip that is optimized for AI tasks.
AI-optimized (Оптимизированный для задач ИИ) optimized for AI tasks; AI-optimized chip, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip optimized for AI tasks (see also artificial intelligence).
AlexNet (AlexNet) The name of a neural network that won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge in 2012. It is named after Alex Krizhevsky, then a computer science PhD student at Stanford University. See ImageNet.
Algorithm (Алгоритм) an exact prescription for the execution in a certain order of a system of operations for solving any problem from some given class (set) of problems. The term algorithm comes from the name of the Uzbek mathematician Musa Al-Khorezmi, who in the 9th century proposed the simplest arithmetic algorithms. In mathematics and cybernetics, a class of problems of a certain type is considered solved when an algorithm is established to solve it. Finding algorithms is a natural human goal in solving various classes of problems.
Algorithmic Assessment (Алгоритмическая оценка) is a technical evaluation that helps identify and address potential risks and unintended consequences of AI systems across your business, to engender trust and build supportive systems around AI decision making.
AlphaGo (AlphaGo AlphaGo) is the first computer program that defeated a professional player on the board game Go in October 2015. Later in October 2017, AlphaGos team released its new version named AlphaGo Zero which is stronger than any previous human-champion defeating versions. Go is played on 19 by 19 board which allows for 10171 possible layouts (chess 1050 configurations). It is estimated that there are 1080 atoms in the universe [32]
Ambient intelligence (AmI) (Окружающий интеллект) Ambient intelligence (AmI) represents the future vision of intelligent computing where explicit input and output devices will not be required; instead, sensors and processors will be embedded into everyday devices and the environment will adapt to the users needs and desires seamlessly. AmI systems, will use the contextual information gathered through these embedded sensors and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to interpret and anticipate the users needs. The technology will be designed to be human centric and easy to use. [33]
An AI accelerator (Ускоритель ИИ) is a specialized chip that improves the speed and efficiency of training and testing neural networks. However, for semiconductor chips, including most AI accelerators, there is a theoretical minimum power consumption limit. Reducing consumption is possible only with the transition to optical neural networks and optical accelerators for them.
An integrated GPU (An integrated GPU is an integrated graphics processing unit, integrated GPU, a GPU located on the same chip or on the same chip as the CPU, such as the one implemented in Apples M1 processor.
Analogical Reasoning (Рассуждение по аналогии) Solving problems by using analogies, by comparing to past experiences [34].
Analysis of algorithms (AofA) (Анализ алгоритмов) The determination of the computational complexity of algorithms, that is the amount of time, storage and/or other resources necessary to execute them. Usually, this involves determining a function that relates the length of an algorithms input to the number of steps it takes (its time complexity) or the number of storage locations it uses (its space complexity) [35].
Annotation (Аннотация) A metadatum attached to a piece of data, typically provided by a human annotator [36].
Anokhins theory of functional systems (Теория функциональных систем Анохина) a functional system consists of a certain number of nodal mechanisms, each of which takes its place and has a certain specific purpose. The first of these is afferent synthesis, in which four obligatory components are distinguished: dominant motivation, situational and triggering afferentation, and memory. The interaction of these components leads to the decision-making process.
Anomaly detection (Выявление аномалий) The process of identifying outliers. For example, if the mean for a certain feature is 100 with a standard deviation of 10, then anomaly detection should flag a value of 200 as suspicious.
Anonymization (Анонимизация) The process in which data is de-identified as part of a mechanism to submit data for machine learning.
Answer set programming (ASP) (Программирование набора ответов) A form of declarative programming oriented towards difficult (primarily NP-hard) search problems. It is based on the stable model (answer set) semantics of logic programming. In ASP, search problems are reduced to computing stable models, and answer set solvers programs for generating stable models are used to perform search.
Antivirus software (Антивирусное программное обеспечение) is a program or set of programs that are designed to prevent, search for, detect, and remove software viruses, and other malicious software like worms, trojans, adware, and more. [37]
Anytime algorithm (Алгоритм любого времени) An algorithm that can return a valid solution to a problem even if it is interrupted before it ends [38]
API-AS-a-service (API-как-услуга) combines the API economy and software renting and provides application programming interfaces as a service. [39]
Application programming interface (API) (Интерфейс прикладного программирования) A set of subroutine definitions, communication protocols, and tools for building software. In general terms, it is a set of clearly defined methods of communication among various components. A good API makes it easier to develop a computer program by providing all the building blocks, which are then put together by the programmer. An API may be for a web-based system, operating system, database system, computer hardware, or software library [40].
Application security Application security is the process of making apps more secure by finding, fixing, and enhancing the security of apps. Much of this happens during the development phase, but it includes tools and methods to protect apps once they are deployed. This is becoming more important as hackers increasingly target applications with their attacks [41]
Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (Специализированная интегральная схема) a specialized integrated circuit for solving a specific problem [42].
Approximate string matching (Also fuzzy string searching.) (Нечеткое соответствие строк или приблизительное соответствие строк) The technique of finding strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly). The problem of approximate string matching is typically divided into two sub-problems: finding approximate substring matches inside a given string and finding dictionary strings that match the pattern approximately.
Approximation error (ОшибкаApproximation error ( The discrepancy between an exact value and some approximation to it.
Architectural description group (Architectural view, Архитектурная группа описаний) is a representation of the system as a whole in terms of a related set of interests.
Architectural frameworks (Архитектурный фреймворк) are high-level descriptions of an organization as a system; they capture the structure of its main components at varied levels, the interrelationships among these components, and the principles that guide their evolution [43].
Architecture of a computer (Архитектура вычислительной машины) is a conceptual structure of a computer that determines the processing of information and includes methods for converting information into data and the principles of interaction between hardware and software.
Architecture of a computing system (Архитектура вычислительной системы) is the configuration, composition and principles of interaction (including data exchange) of the elements of a computing system.
Architecture of a system (Архитектура системы) is the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its elements, their relationships with each other and with the environment, as well as the principles that guide its design and evolution.
Archival Information Collection (AIC) (Архивный пакет информации (AIC))
An Archival Information Package whose Content Information is an aggregation of other Archival Information Packages The digital preservation function preserves the capability to regenerate the DIPs (Dissemination Information Packages) as needed over time. [44]
Archival Storage (Архивное хранилище) Archival Storage is a source for data that is not needed for an organizations everyday operations, but may have to be accessed occasionally. By utilizing an archival storage, organizations can leverage to secondary sources, while still maintaining the protection of the data. Utilizing archival storage sources reduces primary storage costs required and allows an organization to maintain data that may be required for regulatory or other requirements. [45]