• «обменники», куда все желающие могут принести на обмен лишние запасы канцелярии либо предоставить их в совместное пользование (такой способ удобнее всего для вещей, которые не требуются нам постоянно, например, графические калькуляторы, 3D-принтеры и даже музыкальные инструменты);
• покупку подержанных товаров или бесплатную канцелярию из местной библиотеки.
→ Контролируй распечатки. Если тебе приходится пользоваться принтером, то старайся использовать бумагу из вторсырья, многоразовые чернила и картриджи, распечатывать с обеих сторон в режиме «черновик» или только в черно-белом режиме для продления срока службы картриджа. Также уменьшай параметры полей бумаги, чтобы тратить меньше бумаги.
→ Начни фильтровать. Эти огоньки в темноте твоего дома. Это не глаза летучих мышей. Это светящиеся кнопки чего-то более угрожающего – энергетических вампиров. По приблизительным оценкам, от 5 до 10 % бытовой энергии расходуется от потребления электроэнергии в холостом режиме (а это – 1 % от всех выбросов углекислого газа). С помощью сетевого фильтра можно отключить от питания все приборы в режиме ожидания. И тебе не придется бегать по всему дому, вырубая приборы по одному.[67]
→ Убери заставку с компа. Никого особо не вдохновляет твоя заставка с котиками и надписью «Держитесь там!», поэтому просто переключи свою бандуру в режим энергосбережения.
→ Отдавай предпочтение ноутбукам. Если у тебя есть выбор, то по сравнению с настольными компьютерами ноутбуки на 80 % более энергоэффективны и, в зависимости от модели, потребляют на треть меньше электроэнергии.[68]
Ванная комната
Задумайся на минутку о настоящем назначении ванной комнаты (в большинстве домов Америки санузлы совмещенные – прим. ред.). И пусть моя откровенность в этой книге не вводит тебя в заблуждение – на самом деле я не люблю обсуждать, чем люди занимаются в своих ванных комнатах. Точнее, ненавижу. Возможно, это единственный пробел в моем довольно утонченном воспитании в лучших традициях американского Юга, но я определенно не из тех девушек, чье сердце можно растопить непристойными туалетными шуточками на первом (или семнадцатом) свидании. Тем не менее, как и в случае с любой комнатой в доме, необходимо определить ее основную цель. Ванная комната предназначена для того, чтобы опорожняться (и, если уж быть до конца честными, попутно сидеть в телефоне), чтобы расслабляться и отмокать в ванне, чтобы купать детей и/или домашних животных (если они есть) и осуществлять общие гигиенические процедуры. Конечно, иногда ванная используется для караоке в душе или пылких любовных утех. Но, если ты не живешь реконструкцией фильма «9½ недель», я очень сомневаюсь, что тебе так уж необходима скамейка для секса в этой комнате.
Примечания
1
Unilever, “Report Shows a Third of Consumers Prefer Sustainable Brands,” May 1, 2017, https://www.unilever.com/news/press-releases/2017/report-shows-a-third-of-consumers-prefer-sustainable-brands.html; Neilsen, “The Sustainability Imperative,” October 12, 2015, www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/2015/the-sustainability-imperative.html.
2
“Overview of Greenhouse Gasses,” US Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases.
3
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 2014, http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html; Justin Gillis and Nadja Popovich, “The U.S. Is the Biggest Carbon Polluter in History. It Just Walked Away from the Paris Climate Deal,” New York Times, June 1, 2017, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/01/climate/us-biggest-carbon-polluter-in-history-will-it-walk-away-from-the-paris-climate-deal.html.
4
“Climate Change: How Do We Know?” NASA, https://climate.nasa.gov/ evidence.
5
Там же.
6
“Climate Change Impacts in the United States,” National Climate Assessment, http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/changes-hurricanes.
7
Daniel Glick, “The Big Thaw,” National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/; Carol Rasmussen, “Wind, warm water revved up melting Antartctic glaciers,” NASA, September 19, 2017, https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2631/wind-warm-water-revved-up-melting-antarctic-glaciers/
8
“Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch.
9
Michel Martin, “For the First Time in 146 Years Chicago Goes Without Snow During January and February,” All Things Considered, NPR, March 4, 2017, www.npr.org/2017/03/04/518527669/for-the-first-time-in-146-years-chicago-goes-without-snow-during-january-and-feb.
10
Colin P. Kelley, Shahrzad Mohtadi, Mark A. Cane, Richard Seager, and Yochanan Kushnir, “Climate Change in the Fertile Crescent and Implications of the Recent Syrian Drought,” PNAS 112, no. 11 (March 17, 2015): 3241–3246, www.pnas.org/content/112/11/3241.full.pdf; “National Security Implications of Climate-Related Risks and a Changing Climate,” US Department of Defense, July 23, 2015, http://archive.defense.gov/pubs/150724-congressional-report-on-national-implications-of-climate-change.pdf?source=govdelivery.
11
Glen Althor, James E. M. Watson, and Richard A. Fuller, “Global Mismatch Between Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Burden of Climate Change,” Scientific Reports 6, no. 20281 (February 5, 2016), www.nature.com/articles/srep20281. Не плюй: В доме
12
U.S. and World Population Clock, Census.gov, www.census.gov/popclock; “What Is the United States’ Share of World Energy Consumption?” Frequently Asked Questions, US Energy Information Administration, www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=87&t=1; Maya Wei-Haas, “How America Stacks Up When It Comes to Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” Smithsonian magazine, June 2, 20017, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-America-stacks-up-greenhouse-gas-emissions-180963560; “Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2015,” Greenhouse Gas Emissions, US Environmental Protections Agency, www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2015; “Population and Energy Consumption,” World Population Balance, www.worldpopulationbalance.org/population_energy.
13
“How Much Energy Is Consumed in U.S. Residential and Commercial Buildings?” Frequently Asked Questions, US Energy Information Administration, www.worldpopulationbalance.org/population_energy; “Consumption and Efficiency,” US Energy Information Administration, www.eia.gov/consumption; “Average Household Electricity Use Around the World,” Shrink That Footprint, http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/average-household-electricity-consumption Global Energy Use Statistics; Lela Nargi, “Think Your Household Is Sustainable? Think Again,” Sierra, January 27, 2017, www. sierraclub.org/sierra/green-life/think-your-household-sustainable-think-again.
14
“How Much Energy Is Consumed in U.S. Residential and Commercial Buildings?”; “Consumption and Efficiency”; Tariq Khokhar, “Chart: Over 1 Billion People Had No Access to Electricity in 2014,” The Data Blog, World Bank, April 3, 2017, https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/chart-over-1-billion-people-had-no-access-electricity-2014; Nargi, “Think Your Household Is Sustainable? Think Again.”
15
Roni A. Neff, Marie L. Spiker, Patricia L. Truant, “Wasted Food: U.S. Consumers’ Reported Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors,” PLOS One 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2015), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127881; “Don’t Waste, Donate: Enhancing Food Donations Through Federal Policy, Harvard Food Law and Policy Center, National Resources Defense Council, March 2017, https://drive.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://archive.azcentral.com/persistent/icimages/thingstodo/Dont-Waste-Donate_-March-2017.pdf?from%3Dglobal; Danyi Qi and Brian E. Roe, “Household Food Waste: Multivariate Regression and Principal Components Analyses of Awareness and Attitudes Among U.S. Consumers,” PLOS One 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2016), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159250; Jonathan Bloom, “In United States, There’s a Lot of Food Being Wasted,” Washington Post, June 20, 2012, www.washingtonpost.com/in-united-states-theres-a-lot-of-food-being-wasted/2012/06/19/gJQAmk9JoV_story.html?utm_term=.080c1187cf6b.
16
Viviana Solorzano and Andrew Edwards, “Memo: Executive Summary Report – Composting,” Harris Interactive, December 27, 2013, www.recycle.cc/2013-1227NW&RA_composting_survey_executive_summary_010814.pdf, Compost Study Memo.
17
“2015 Characteristics of New Housing,” US Department of Housing and Urban Development and US Department of Commerce: Characteristics of New Housing, 2015, www.census.gov/construction/chars/pdf/c25ann2015.pdf; Self Storage Industry Specifics, Statistic Brain, www.statisticbrain.com/self-storage-industry-statistics; Mary MacVean, “ For Many People, Gathering Possessions Is Just the Stuff of Life,” Los Angeles Times, March 21, 2014, http://articles.latimes.com/2014/mar/21/health/la-he-keeping-stuff-20140322.
18
“Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Map,” Governing, www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html; “How Many Alternative Fuel and Hybrid Vehicles Are There in the United States?” Frequently Asked Questions, US Energy Information Administration, www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=93&t=4.
19
“Municipal Solid Waste,” US Environmental Protection Agency, https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/html; “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures,” US Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/smm/advancing-sustainable-materials-management-facts-and-figures.
20
“Study Finds 73 % of U.S. Consumers Have Access to Curbside Recycling Programs,” RRS, https://recycle.com/spc-recycling-access-study.
21
Drew Desilver, “Perceptions and Realities of Recycling Vary Widely from Place to Place,” Pew Research Center, October 7, 2106, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/07/perceptions-and-realities-of-recycling-vary-widely-from-place-to-place.
22
Neff, Spiker, and Truant, “Wasted Food”; “Don’t Waste, Donate”; QI and Roe, “Household Food Waste”; Bloom, “In United States, There’s a Lot of Food Being Wasted”; “Key Statistics and Graphics,” US Department of Agriculture, www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx; “Food Waste,” Grace Communications Foundation, www.sustainabletable.org/5664/food-waste.
23
Sustainable Management of Food Basics,” US Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food/sustainable-management-food-basics.
24
Elizabeth Brackett, “Where Does Chicago’s Trash Go?” WTTW, June 26, 2017, http://chicagotonight.wttw.com/2017/06/26/where-does-chicagos-garbage-go.
25
Alana Semuels, “Charging for Trash, Bag by Bag,” Atlantic, August 18, 2015, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/08/charging-for-trash-bag-by-bag/425907.
26
Viviana Solorzano and Andrew Edwards, “Memo: Executive Summary Report – Composting,” Harris Interactive, December 27, 2013, www.recycle. cc/2013-1227NW&RA_composting_survey_executive_summary_010814. pdf. “How Much Energy Is Consumed in U.S. Residential and Commercial Buildings?”; “Consumption and Efficiency”; Tariq Khokhar, “Chart: Over 1 Billion People Had No Access to Electricity in 2014,” The Data Blog, World Bank, April 3, 2017, https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/chartover-1-billion-people-had-no-access-electricity-2014; Nargi, “Think Your Household Is Sustainable? Think Again.”
27
“Use Power Strips to Avoid Phantom Loads,” Wisconsin Public Service, https://accel.wisconsinpublicservice.com/home/tips/electronics_powerstrips.aspx; Brian Palmer, “Keep Your Devices from Wasting Energy and Money,” Natural Resources Defense Council, December 31, 2015, www.nrdc.org/ stories/keep-your-devices-wasting-energy-and-money.
28
Palmer, “Keep Your Devices from Wasting Energy and Money”; Michael Casey, “Always-On Devices Are Using Huge Amounts of Energy,” CBS News, May 8, 2015, www.cbsnews.com/news/always-on-devices-are-using-huge-amounts-of-energy.
29
Selene Aparicio, “Shut the Fridge Door – You’re Wasting Electricity,” Good Housekeeping, February 8, 2014, www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/a19095/refrigerator-door-wastes-energy.
30
“How Much Energy Is Used for Lighting in the United States?” Frequently Asked Questions, U.S. Energy Information Administration, www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=99&t=3.
31
“Lower Your Light Bill and Save Energy,” Good Housekeeping, February 21, 2008.
32
“How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents,” Energy.gov, https://energy.gov/energysaver/how-energy-efficient-light-bulbs-compare-traditional-incandescents.
33
Там же.
34
“Showerheads,” US Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-products-factsheet-showerheads.pdf; Debbie Arrington, “Showers vs. Baths: Which Use Less Water?” Sacramento Bee, February 13, 2014, www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article2591077.html; “How to Save Water,” Water Footprint Calculator, www.watercalculator.org/save-water/?cid=437.
35
Там же.
36
“Bathroom Faucets,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/watersense/bathroom-faucets.
37
“Residential Toilets,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets.
38
“5 No-Nonsense Ways to Cut Your Water Heater Energy Costs,” House Logic, www.houselogic.com/organize-maintain/home-maintenance-tips/water-heater-energy-saving-tips.
39
Там же.
40
“Watering Tips,” US Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/watersense/watering-tips.
41
“How Is Electricity Used in U.S. Homes?” Frequently Asked Questions, US Energy Information Administration, www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq. php?id=96&t=3.
42
“How to Cool a Hot Attic,” HGTV, www.hgtv.com/design/decorating/clean-and-organize/how-to-cool-a-hot-attic.
43
“Whole House Fan,” US Department of Energy, www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/26291.pdf.
44
B. C. Wolverton, Willard L. Douglas, and Keith Bounds, “A Study of Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement,” NASA, July 1, 1989, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930072988.
45
“Indoor Air Quality,” EPA’s Report on the Environment, US Environmental Protection Agency, https://cfpub.epa.gov/roe/chapter/air/indoorair.cfm.
46
Wolverton, Douglas, and Bounds, “A Study of Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement.”
47
David J. Nowak, Nathaniel Appleton, Alexis Ellis, and Eric Greenfield, “Residential Building Energy Conservations and Avoided Power Plant Emissions by Urban and Community Trees in the United States,” Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 21, (2017): 158–165, https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2017/nrs_2017_nowak_001.pdf.
48
“Benefit of Trees,” Arbor Day Foundation, www.arborday.org/trees/benefits.cfm; “Plant Trees to Save Energy and Grow Value,” Houselogic, www.houselogic.com/by-room/yard-patio/plant-trees-save-energy-grow-value.
49
MacVean, “For Many People, Gathering Possessions Is Just the Stuff of Life.”
50
“Clean Freaks” Newsweek, June 6, 2004, www.newsweek.com/clean-freaks-129009.
51
Miranda Bryant, “The REAL Cost of Keeping Your Home Tidy: Americans Spend $140,000 in Their Lifetimes and 30 Days Every Year on Boring Household Tasks Like Cleaning and Laundry,” Daily Mail, March 28, 2016, www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3512386/The-REAL-cost-keeping-home-tidy-Americans-spend-140-000-lifetimes-30-days-year-boring-household-tasks-like-cleaning-laundry.html; “Charts by Topic: Household Activities,” American Time Use Survey, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, www.bls.gov/TUS/CHARTS/HOUSEHOLD.HTM.
52
Patrick Sisson, “In Nation of Hoarders, Self-Storage Spots Outnumber McDonald’s,” Curbed, April 20, 2015, www.curbed.com/2015/4/20/9969068/in-nation-of-hoarders-self-storage-spots-outnumber-mcdonalds; Suzy Strutner, “American Has More Self-Storage Facilities Than McDonald’s, Because Apparently We’re All Hoarders, Huffington Post, April 21, 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/21/self-storage-mcdonalds_n_7107822.html.