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Некоторые, однако, пошли дальше и предположили, что в основе теории мотивации Маслоу в целом и ее представления в виде пирамиды лежит мировоззрение индейских племен Северной Америки и конструкция их жилищ – типи. Хотя я не сомневаюсь в том, что общение с индейцами произвело большое впечатление на Маслоу и что общая философия жизни этого самобытного народа сыграла определенную роль в формировании его представлений, на мой взгляд, важно также признавать множество других факторов, повлиявших на теорию Маслоу, включая описание Уильямом Самнером движущей силы человеческих потребностей, исследование самоактуализации Курта Гольдштейна, а также работы Альфреда Адлера, Гарри Харлоу и Карен Хорни. Более того, в формулировке, данной в 1943 г., Маслоу поместил самоактуализацию на вершине своей иерархии потребностей, а в представлениях индейцев Северной Америки самоактуализация находится в основании типи. Но самое главное, Маслоу никогда не представлял свою иерархию потребностей в виде пирамиды! Я, как человек, относящийся к данному вопросу очень серьезно, обсудил этот момент с психологом Ричардом Кацом, другом Маслоу. Так вот, Кац, который посвятил свою жизнь изучению самобытных людей, не верит в то, что идея иерархии потребностей родилась у Маслоу исключительно благодаря индейцам из племени черноногих. Тем не менее мы оба согласились с тем, что работа Маслоу с индейцами оказала сильное влияние на его представления о человеческой природе в широком смысле. Если точнее, то я считаю, что более поздние работы Маслоу по духовности и трансценденции, как и моя обновленная иерархия потребностей, в еще большей мере согласуются с философией американских индейцев, в которой самоактуализация является фундаментом для «актуализации сообщества» и «вечности культуры». По сути, я считаю, что мы можем построить интегрированную модель, для которой характерно уважение и признание вклада каждого человека. См.: Blackstock, The emergence of the breath of life theory; Kaufman, Honoring the wisdom of indigenous people with Richard Katz; Michel, K. L. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy connected to Blackfoot beliefs. A Digital Native American. Retrieved from https://lincolnmichel.wordpress.com/2014/04/19/maslows-hierarchy-connected-to-blackfoot-beliefs.
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