Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред - Капустюк Юлия Б. 18 стр.


196

Philip K. Thornton and Mario Herrero, Potential for Reduced Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Livestock and Pasture Management in the Tropics, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 46 (November 2010): 1966772, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912890107.

197

Michael Shellenberger, An Interview with Founder of Earth Innovation, Dan Nepstad.

198

Juliana Gil, Rachael Garrett, and Thomas Berger, Determinants of Crop-Livestock Integration in Brazil: Evidence from the Household and Regional Levels, Land Use Policy 59, no. 31 (December 2016): 557568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.022.

199

LaMont C. Cole, Mans Ecosystem, BioScience 16, no. 4 (April 1966): 24348, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293563/. Wallace S. Broecker, Mans Oxygen Reserves, Science 168, no. 3939 (June 1970), 153738, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3939.1537. Broecker ended his article Hopefully the popular press will bury the bogeyman it created. I am grateful to Mark Sagoff for bringing this history to my attention.

200

Christine Figgener, Sea Turtle with Straw up Its NostrilNO TO PLASTIC STRAWS, YouTube, August 10, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wH878t78bw.

201

Christine Figgener, Sea Turtle with Straw up Its NostrilNO TO PLASTIC STRAWS, YouTube, August 10, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wH878t78bw.

202

Michael A. Lindenberger, How a Texas A&M Scientists Video of a Sea Turtle Soured Americans on Drinking Straws, Dallas Morning News, July 19, 2018, https://www.dallasnews.com.

203

Hilary Brueck, The Real Reason Why So Many Cities and Businesses Are Banning Plastic Straws Has Nothing to Do with Straws at All, Business Insider, October 22, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com.

204

Sophia Rosenbaum, She Recorded That Heartbreaking Turtle Video. Heres What She Wants Companies like Starbucks to Know About Plastic Straws, Time, July 17, 2018, https://time.com.

205

Jenna R. Jambeck, Roland Geyer, Chris Wilcox et al., Plastic Waste Inputs from Land into the Ocean, Science 347, no. 6223 (February 2015): 768771, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352.

206

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

207

Chris Wilcox, Melody Puckridge, Gamar A. Schuyler et al., A Quantitative Analysis Linking Sea Turtle Mortality and Plastic Debris Ingestion, Scientific Reports 8 (September 2018): article no. 12536, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-30038-z.pdf. Chris Wilcox, Nicholas J. Mallos, George H. Leonard et al., Using Expert Elicitation to Estimate the Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Marine Wildlife, Marine Policy 65 (March 2016): 10714, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.10.014.

208

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019/.

209

Leandro Bugoni, Ligia Krause, and Maria Virgínia Petry, Marine Debris and Human Impacts on Sea Turtles in Southern Brazil, Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, no. 12 (December 2001): 13301334, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00147-3.

210

Chris Wilcox, Melody Puckridge, Gamar A. Schuyler et al., A Quantitative Analysis Linking Sea Turtle Mortality and Plastic Debris Ingestion.

211

Iliana Magra, Whale Is Found Dead in Italy with 48 Pounds of Plastic in Its Stomach, New York Times, April 2, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com. Matthew Haag, 64 Pounds of Trash Killed a Sperm Whale in Spain, Scientists Say, New York Times, April 12, 2018, https://nytimes.com. Daniel Victor, Dead Whale Found With 88 Pounds of Plastic Inside Body in the Philippines, New York Times, March 18, 2019.

212

Seth Borenstein, Science Says: Amount of Straws, Plastic Pollution Is Huge, Associated Press, April 21, 2018, https://apnews.com.

213

Michelle Paleczny, Edd Hammill, Vasiliki Karpouzi, and Daniel Pauly, Population Trend of the Worlds Monitored Seabirds, 19502010, PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 2015): e0129342, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0129342&type=printable.

214

Laura Parker, Nearly Every Seabird on Earth Is Eating Plastic, National Geographic, September 2, 2015, https://www.nationalgeographic.com.

215

Seth Borenstein, Science Says: Amount of Straws, Plastic Pollution Is Huge.

216

Chris Wilcox, Erik Van Sebille, and Britta Denise Hardesty, Threat of Plastic Pollution to Seabirds Is Global, Pervasive, and Increasing, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 38 (August 2015): 11899904, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502108112.

217

Claudia Giacovelli, Anna Zamparo, Andrea Wehrli et al., Single-Use Plastics: A Roadmap for Sustainability, United Nations Environment Programme, 2018, https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/25496/singleUsePlastic_sustainability.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, 12.

218

Susan Freinkel, Plastics: A Toxic Love Story (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011), 78.

219

Roland Geyer, Jenna R. Jambeck, and Kara Lavender Law, Production, Use, and Fate of All Plastics Ever Made, Science Advances 3, no. 7 (July 19, 2017): e1700782, http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.

220

Jambeck et al., Plastic Waste Inputs from Land into the Ocean.

221

Jambeck et al., Plastic Waste Inputs from Land into the Ocean.

222

W. C. Li, H. F. Tse, and L. Fok, Plastic Waste in the Marine Environment: A Review of Sources, Occurrence and Effects, Science of the Total Environment 566567 (2016): 33349, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.084.

223

L. Lebreton, B. Slat, F. Ferrari et al., Evidence That the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is Rapidly Accumulating Plastic, Scientific Reports, 2018, no. 8 (March 22, 2018), article no. 4666, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w.

224

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

225

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

226

Facts and Figures About Materials, Waste and Recycling, Environmental Protection Agency, October 30, 2019, accessed January 2, 2019, https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/plastics-material-specific-data#PlasticsTableandGraph.

227

Changing the Way We Use Plastics, European Commission, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/pdf/pan-european-factsheet.pdf.

228

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

229

Mike Ives, China Limits Waste. Cardboard Grannies and Texas Recyclers Scramble, New York Times, November 25, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com.

230

Mike Ives, Recyclers Cringe as Southeast Asia Says Its Sick of the Wests Trash, New York Times, June 7, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com.

231

Mike Ives, Recyclers Cringe as Southeast Asia Says Its Sick of the Wests Trash, New York Times, June 7, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com.

232

Motoko Rich, Cleansing Plastic from Oceans: Big Ask for a Country That Loves Wrap, New York Times, June 27, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com.

233

Roland Geyer et al., Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made, Science Advances 3, no. 7 (July 19, 2017), http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.

234

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

235

Harvey Black, Rethinking Recycling, Environmental Health Perspectives 103, no. 11 (1995): 10061009, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519181/pdf/envhper00359-0034-color.pdf.

236

Benjamin Brooks, Kristen Hays, and Luke Milner, Plastics recycling: PET and Europe lead the way, Petrochemicals special report (S&P Global Platts, September 2019), https://www.spglobal.com/platts/plattscontent/_assets/_files/en/specialreports/petrochemicals/plastic-recycling-pet-europe.pdf.

237

Daniel Hoornweg and Perinaz Bhada-Tata, What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management, World Bank Urban Development Series, Knowledge Papers no. 15, March 2012, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/17388/68135.pdf?sequence=8&isAllowed=y/, 46.

238

Jambeck et al., Plastic Waste Inputs from Land into the Ocean.

239

Marcus Eriksen, Laurent C. M. Lebreton, Henry S. Carson et al., Plastic Pollution in the Worlds Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea, PLOS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): e111913, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913&type=printable. As indicated in the title, the authors final estimate of the total number of plastic pieces in the ocean came in at 5 trillion particles  both macroplastic and microplastic  weighing 269,000 tons.

240

Marcus Eriksen, Laurent C. M. Lebreton, Henry S. Carson et al., Plastic Pollution in the Worlds Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea, PLOS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): e111913, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913&type=printable. As indicated in the title, the authors final estimate of the total number of plastic pieces in the ocean came in at 5 trillion particles  both macroplastic and microplastic  weighing 269,000 tons.

241

Marcus Eriksen, Laurent C. M. Lebreton, Henry S. Carson et al., Plastic Pollution in the Worlds Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea, PLOS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): e111913, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913&type=printable. As indicated in the title, the authors final estimate of the total number of plastic pieces in the ocean came in at 5 trillion particles  both macroplastic and microplastic  weighing 269,000 tons.

242

Marcus Eriksen, Laurent C. M. Lebreton, Henry S. Carson et al., Plastic Pollution in the Worlds Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea, PLOS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): e111913, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913&type=printable. As indicated in the title, the authors final estimate of the total number of plastic pieces in the ocean came in at 5 trillion particles  both macroplastic and microplastic  weighing 269,000 tons.

243

Collin P. Ward, Cassia J. Armstrong, Anna N. Walsh, Julia H. Wash, and Christopher M. Reddy, Sunlight Converts Polystyrene to Carbon Dioxde and Dissolved Organic Carbon, Environmental Science Technology Letters 6, no. 11 (October 10, 2019): 669674, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00532.

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Sunlight Degrades Polystyrene Faster than Expected, National Science Foundation, October 18, 2019, https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=299408&org=NSF&from=news.

245

Collin P. Ward, Sunlight Converts Polystyrene to Carbon Dioxide and Dissolved Organic Carbon.

246

Collin P. Ward, Sunlight Converts Polystyrene to Carbon Dioxide and Dissolved Organic Carbon.

247

Emily A. Miller, Loren McClenachan, Roshikazu Uni et al., The Historical Development of Complex Global Trafficking Networks for Marine Wildlife, Science Advances 5, no. 3 (March 2019): eaav5948, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5948.

248

Martha Chaiklin, Imports and Autarky: Tortoiseshell in Early Modern Japan, in Luxury and Global Perspective: Objects and Practices, 16002000, edited by Bernd-Stefan Grewe and Karen Hoffmeester (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 21821, 230, 236.

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Martha Chaiklin, Imports and Autarky: Tortoiseshell in Early Modern Japan, in Luxury and Global Perspective: Objects and Practices, 16002000, edited by Bernd-Stefan Grewe and Karen Hoffmeester (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 21821, 230, 236.

250

Stephanie E. Hornbeck, Elephant Ivory: An Overview of Changes to Its Stringent Regulation and Considerations for Its Identification, AIC Objects Specialty Group Postprints 22 (2015): 10122, http://resources.conservation-us.org/osg-postprints/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2015/05/osg022-08vII.pdf.

251

Stephanie E. Hornbeck, Elephant Ivory: An Overview of Changes to Its Stringent Regulation and Considerations for Its Identification, AIC Objects Specialty Group Postprints 22 (2015): 10122, http://resources.conservation-us.org/osg-postprints/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2015/05/osg022-08vII.pdf.

252

Ivory: Where It Comes From, Its Uses and the Modes of Working It, New York Times, August 14, 1866, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

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Ivory: Where It Comes From, Its Uses and the Modes of Working It, New York Times, August 14, 1866, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

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Ivory: Where It Comes From, Its Uses and the Modes of Working It, New York Times, August 14, 1866, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

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The Worlds Ivory Trade, New York Times, July 23, 1882, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

256

The Worlds Ivory Trade, New York Times, July 23, 1882, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

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The Worlds Ivory Trade, New York Times, July 23, 1882, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

258

Chaiklin, Imports and Autarky: Tortoiseshell in Early Modern Japan.

259

Freinkel, Plastics: A Toxic Love Story.

260

Terri Byrne, Ivorytons Keys Are Musical, New York Times, December 25, 1977, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com.

261

Susan Freinkel, A Brief History of Plastics Conquest of the World, Scientific American, May 29, 2011, https://www.scientificamerican.com.

262

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in discussion with the author, November 6, 2019.

263

According to the IUCN, Disease appears to be a problem in some populations in some years, with diphtheritic stomatitis (caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium spp.) and the blood parasite Leucocytozoon tawaki, formerly only known from Fiordland penguins, causes of mortality for chicks Human disturbance, particularly from unregulated tourists at breeding areas, negatively affects energy budgets, fledgling weight and probability of survival. Yellow-Eyed Penguin, Megadyptes antipodes, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018, BirdLife International, 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697800A132603494.en.

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Southern Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018, BirdLife International, 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698314A132641187.en.

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Thomas Mattern, New Zealands Mainland Yellow-Eyed Penguins Face Extinction Unless Urgent Action Taken, University of Otago, May 17, 2017, https://www.otago.ac.nz/news/news/otago648034.html.

266

P. E. Michael, R. Thomson, C. Barbraud et al., Illegal Fishing Bycatch Overshadows Climate as a Driver of Albatross Population Decline, Marine Ecology Progress Series 579 (September 2017): 18599, http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12248.

267

Bugoni et al., Marine Debris and Human Impacts on Sea Turtles in Southern Brazil.

268

Christine Figgener (sea turtle biologist) in conversation with the author, November 6, 2019.

269

A. Abreu-Grobois and P. Plotkin (IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group), Olive Ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008, BirdLife International, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T11534A3292503.en.

270

Nathaniel L. Bindoff, William W. L. Cheung, James G. Kairo et al., Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities, in IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/09_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL-1.pdf.

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