Digital labor represents emergent forms of labor characterized by the production of value through interaction with information and communication technologies such as digital platforms or artificial intelligence434.
Digital Literacy the American Library Associations (ALA) task force on Digital Literacy defines it as the ability to effectively use information and communication technologies to «find, understand, evaluate, create and communicate» information (ALA, 2013). In the context of this chapter, digital literacy is a key skill required to fully participate in technologically advanced communities. Also, Digital Literacy is having the skills you need to live, learn, and work in a society where communication and access to information is increasingly through digital technologies like internet platforms, social media, and mobile devices. It involves knowing how to use a range of technologies to find information, solve problems or complete tasks. Digital literacy is also about knowing how to act safely and respectfully online. Digital literacy refers to the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to successfully use digital solutions, effectively understand and utilize data outputs from such solutions as well as actively participate in the digital information society. Although digital competences are generally improving through increased utilization of digital technologies, there remain significant digital literacy gaps within and between population groups435,436,437.
Digital Marketing means marketing that is carried out in digital media as opposed to so-called traditional marketing which focusses on media such as radio, television and newspapers. Digital marketing comprises all marketing taking place online, e-mail marketing, mobile marketing, keyword advertising, social media marketing and so on438.
Digital Maturity describes how holistically and efficiently an organization utilizes digital means in its core business. Improving digital maturity increases a companys competitive advantage in its market. The Digital Business Maturity Model helps to roughly outline your starting situation, set goals that suit your strategy, and identify the means to raise the digital maturity level to meet those goals. The digital business maturity model also helps to distinguish between easily applicable actions and those that require profound change439.
Digital Multinational Enterprise is enterprises that perform activities primarily based on Internet and/or provide the enabling infrastructure supporting the Internet in more than one country440.
Digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique persistent identifier for a published digital object, such as an article or a study. DOIs are included in ICPSR citations to data collections. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique, persistent identifying number for a document published online. It appears on a document or in a bibliographic citation as an alphanumeric string of characters that that acts as an active link to the original digital object (journal article, report, etc.). Its purpose is to be a permanent, precise identifier for an individual document, regardless of its location on the Internet; a document retains its DOI even if its URL location changes. A publisher assigns a DOI to an article when it is published and becomes accessible online441,442.
Digital Platform is a group of technologies that are used as a basis for creating a specific and specialized system of digital interaction. Also, Digital Platform is an Internet-based software solution that brings the operators of a certain area together to form one single value network. A digital platform can be figuratively described as the heart of a platform economy operator. The central element of a digital platform is a well-documented and comprehensive API, through which the platform can receive data from or send data to the operators of the value network (or the platform databanks). APIs enable the linking together of several different digital platforms443.
Digital platform of the Institute of the Commissioner for Human Rights is a set of information technologies and systems that are used as the basis for the collection, processing, storage, exchange, statistical and predictive analysis of large structured and unstructured data on violations and measures taken to protect rights based on big data technologies, artificial intelligence, differential privacy and ensuring the creation and functioning of a specialized digital ecosystem for the protection of rights and freedoms. The term was first introduced by Alexander Chesalov in his book Digital Ecosystem of the Ombudsman Institute: Concept, Technologies, Practice (2021).
Digital platforms operator is an entity or person offering an online communication service to the public based on computer algorithms used to classify content, goods, or services offered online, or the connection of several parties for the sale of goods, the provision of a service, or the exchange or sharing of content, goods, and services444.
Digital Preservation is a term that encompasses all of the activities required to ensure that the digital content designated for long-term preservation is maintained in usable formats, for as long as access to that content is needed or desired, and can be made available in meaningful ways to current and future users445.
Digital representation information that represents attributes and behaviors of an entity446.
Digital rights are the rights of individuals as it pertains to computer access and the ability to use, create and publish digital media. Digital rights can also refer to allowed permissions for fair use of digital copyrighted materials. Digital rights are extensions of human rights like freedom of expression and the right to privacy. The extent to which digital rights are recognized varies from country to country, but Internet access is a recognized right in several countries447.
Digital rights management (DRM) is the use of technology to control and manage access to copyrighted material. Another DRM meaning is taking control of digital content away from the person who possesses it and handing it to a computer program. DRM aims to protect the copyright holders rights and prevents content from unauthorized distribution and modification448.
Digital Service Environment is any environment where online activity takes place, without confrontation449.
Digital Services is all activities carried out in digital services environment or services offered by digital companies450.
Digital Services Tax is a tax on income from certain digital services or the taxation of income from the provision of certain digital services resulting from user value creation451.
Digital Shadow is a digital image of a real object. These data contain both the current status and the desired status of the object, the possible ways and processes for achieving the desired status, and the history of what the object has already gone through. It is only the combination of a digital shadow and a physical object that results in a smart thing. Every physical product can be manufactured more efficiently and with higher quality in the digitized production facility if a digital shadow has been created for it and it bears its own specific DNA452.
Digital signature is a value computed with a cryptographic algorithm and associated with a data object in such a way that any recipient of the data can use the signature to verify the datas origin and integrity. A digital signature ensures signer authenticity, provides accountability, secures sensitive data, and guards against tampering453.
Digital Single Market (DSM) is one in which the free movement of persons, services and capital is ensured and where the individuals and businesses can seamlessly access and engage in online activities under conditions of fair competition, and a high level of consumer and personal data protection, irrespective of their nationality or place of residence. Also, Digital Single Market defines the European Commissions strategy for the best possible access to the online world for individuals and businesses454,455.
Digital skills are broadly defined as the skills needed to «use digital devices, communication applications, and networks to access and manage information,» from basic online searching and emailing to specialist programming and development. Digital skills these are abilities required to use digital technologies456,457.
Digital Social Innovation (DSI) is innovation that uses digital technologies to enable or help carry out social innovations458.
Digital society (Global information society) is a new world knowledge society that exists and interacts, and is also closely integrated into a fundamentally and qualitatively new digital social, economic and cultural ecosystem, in which the free exchange of information and knowledge is implemented using artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, which are additional interfaces for the interaction of people and machines (computers, robots, wearable devices, etc.).
Digital solution in the context of this project are understood to be good and innovative practices including lessons learned459.
Digital Solutions for citizen- healthcare professional interaction any digital health solution (that is accessible to citizens who may be patients or their informal caregivers, from home/work or elsewhere) which allows direct or indirect interaction with healthcare professionals. These include solutions that support telehealth services, whether they provide synchronous or asynchronous communication460.
Digital sovereignty is a key idea in the internet age the idea that parties must have sovereignty over their own digital data. This can be applied on an individual basis or toward nations the bottom line is that digital sovereignty involves consideration of how data and digital assets are treated461.
Digital supply chain an environment where processes are web-based. If organizations want to successfully implement Industry 4.0 concepts, they will need to integrate a digital supply chain into their processes. Greater connectivity allows greater sharing of manufacturing processes, production control and scheduling462.
Digital Supply Chain is a digital supply chain refers to processes that use advanced technologies to get better insights into the functions of each stakeholder along the chain to enable them to take better decisions463.
Digital technology the branch of scientific or engineering knowledge that deals with the creation and practical use of digital or computerized devices, methods, systems, etc.464.
Digital Technology business is a business whose primary purpose is to both create AND sell digital technology products, services or solutions465.
Digital transaction is a seamless system involving one or more participants, where transactions are affected without the need for cash. The digital transaction involves a constantly evolving way of doing things where financial technology (fintech) companies collaborate with various sectors of the economy for the purpose of meeting the increasingly sophisticated demands of the growing tech-savvy users466.
Digital Transformation (digitalization) is the transformation and thus improvement of operations by implementing digital technologies. Digital Transformation is the intensive use of information technologies and the transfer of business processes and information to digital (electronic) environment by saving money and time. Also, Digital Transformation is the process of integrating digital technologies into all aspects of activity, requiring fundamental changes in technology, culture, operations and the principles of creating new products and services467,468.
Digital transformation of federal executive bodies and management bodies of state off-budget funds a set of actions carried out by a state body aimed at changing (transforming) state administration and the activities of a state body to provide them with public services and perform public functions through the use of data in electronic form and implementation information technologies in their activities for the purposes specified in the Regulation approved by Decree No. 1646 «On measures to ensure the effectiveness of measures for the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of federal executive authorities and management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds».
Digital Transformation of Health and Care (DTHC) in the Digital Single Market identifies three priorities: 1. Citizens secure access to their health data, also across borders enabling citizens to access their health data across the EU; 2. Personalized medicine through shared European data infrastructure allowing researchers and other professionals to pool resources (data, expertise, computing processing and storage capacities) across the EU; 3. Citizen empowerment with digital tools for user feedback and person-centred care using digital tools to empower people to look after their health, stimulate prevention and enable feedback and interaction between users and health care providers469
Примечания
1
Chesalov А. Digital transformation. -М.: Ridero. 2020.-352 p. // Ridero.ru. Text: electronic. URL:
2
Chesalov А. Glossary on artificial intelligence and information technology. -М.: Ridero. 2021.-304 p. // Ridero.ru. Text: electronic. URL: https://ridero.ru/books/cifrovaya_transformaciya_2/ (date of request: 25.01.2023).
3
Chesalov А., Vlaskin A., Bakanach M. Artificial Intelligence Glossarium: 1000 terms.-М.: Ridero. 2021.-279 p. // Ridero.ru. Text: electronic. URL: https://ridero.ru/books/artificial_intelligence_glossarium_1000_terms/ (date of request: 24.01.2023).
4
Chesalov А. Digital Economy Glossary: 1500 terms and definitions. -М.: Ridero. 2022.-424 p. Text: electronic. // Ridero.ru. URL: https://ridero.ru/books/glossarium_po_cifrovoi_ekonomike_1500_terminov_i_opredelenii/
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Chesalov А. Glossary of digital healthcare: 2000 terms and definitions. -М.: Ridero. 2022.-572 p. Text: electronic. // Ridero.ru. URL: https://ridero.ru/books/glossarium_po_cifrovomu_zdravookhraneniyu_2000_terminov_i_opredelenii/
6
A/B testing Text: electronic. www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD
7
Access Control Text: electronic. https://digitalhealtheurope.eu URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/access-control/ (date of request: 10.11.2022)
8
access history Text: electronic. www.digitalhealth.gov.au/ URL: www.digitalhealth.gov.au/support/glossary (date of request: 10.11.2022)