There is one more verb for strong recommendations, rules or something that you decided to do ___.
The verb ___ expresses necessity. After this verb we use to.
___ is used to talk about our abilities.
If were not sure in something, we use ___ or might. These verbs have almost the same meaning, but ___ is used for asking permissions and also it usually means «likely to happen». Might means «unlikely to happen».
If there is the lack of necessity, use _____. Pay attention that _____ in positive statements means that someone told you to do something.
9. Study the rules:
Modal verbs
Pay attention: in negative sentences and questions before «need to» and «have to» we use do or does.
10. Choose the correct functions of the verbs in bold:
a. Can you please help me? (ask for a permission/obligation)
b. I can speak Japanese. (possibility/ability)
c. He needs to talk to her right now. (advice/necessity)
d. They might be at the meeting. (possibility/obligation)
e. You shouldnt be worried. (lack of necessity/advice)
f. I have to go to the office. My manager told me to come. (obligation/lack of necessity)
11. Cross out the incorrect modal verb:
1. When there is a problem, you must/shouldnt troubleshoot it.
2. The computer must/may boot slowly if there are too many programs running.
3. You cant/shouldnt insert the USB drive until the computer has finished shutting down.
4. Do I need to/can do this task today?
5. This software cant/mustnt integrate with that operating system.
6. Before printing, you dont need to/should generate a PDF file.
7. You mustnt/may not maintain the equipment without proper training.
8. You may/need to configure the settings to your liking.
9. I need to/can backup my files before upgrades.
10. Must/May I ask a question?
11. She has to/must do her homework. Her teacher told her to do it.
12. Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs:
a. I know how to upgrade Ubuntu. (can)
b. Mary isnt sure if he is at work or not. (might)
c. We are obliged to wear a uniform. (have to)
d. Max advises me to quit the job. (should)
e. Its dangerous to block an emergency exit. (mustnt)
f. Its necessary for her to take some pills. (need to)
g. This ticket is a gift for you. Its not necessary to pay for it. (not have to)
h. Its possible that Markus is still there. (may)
13. Complete the sentences with your own ideas:
a. Today I must_____.
b. I need to______this week.
c. At my work we mustnt_______.
d. I dont have to_______ at work.
e. I can________ but I cant_________.
f. If a worker has a problem, he should________.
g. I may______next month.
14. Read one more email from Jakob and write the reply using modal verbs. Mind the structure of official emails:
To: Sam Barewell
Subject: System configuration
Dear Sam,
I am contacting you for your professional assistance. During the last meeting with the IT department managers agreed to improve system performance of one of the servers. For that purpose, could you please identify which services are not used there and disable them? I would also appreciate if you could provide me some information about the date when itll be done and which steps you need to do.
Thank you in advance.
Yours sincerely,
Jakob Leen
Now you know:
useful words to talk about software;
how to use modal verbs;
how to write official emails.
Vocabulary:
Unit 7. Hardware virtualization
1. Look at the news and answer the questions:
What is hardware virtualization?
How can it help companies?
What are the possible risks of cloud hardware virtualization?
Do you think that hardware virtualization is an ideal computing environment of the future? Why?
2. Read the text and tick the topics which were mentioned:
Hardware virtualization is a technology that allows the hardware elements to be divided into multiple virtual machines. Sometimes hardware virtualization is executed on a particular hardware platform by host software. It requires a hypervisor which is used in order to maintain the virtual environment by creating virtual versions of hardware. Most common examples of desktop virtualization products are the following: Vmware, VirtualBox, and Parallels.