Several thousand former enthusiasts of the Komsomol construction, using the vehicles they have seized, from Temirtau run away. The Kazakh Magnitogorsk and the Bulgarian builders are leaving forever.
The remaining proletarians, after they were given more or less tolerable conditions of existence, go to work, repair the fences and buildings destroyed by them.
In 1961, something like this, although much on a smaller scale, is repeated in Krasnodar. Khrushchevs money reform has been going on for two weeks already. The focus with a decrease in the gold content of the ruble fails, the precious metal, products and goods rise in price by two or three times without any apparent reasons. To eat, the soldier sells the stolen from the warehouse cap and boots. The military patrol detains the soldier, but numerous sympathizing citizens demand the release of a starving soldier. Later, the major figures of unrest become the reserve major, who became a laborer and fisherman, whose modest catch was confiscated by peoples combatants for illegal trade.
In the end, an accidental man dies, the building of the regional committee of the CPSU is subjected to rout and plunder. The excitement subsides on its own. Later, several activists receive terms of imprisonment from 3 to 10 years.
All these disturbances become known to the First Secretary; but neither he nor his immediate entourage change anything in the adopted course, in my head is not going to. Information about the state of things is obsequiously served as tricks of hooligans, drunken workers, etc. The System still has a reserve of its own, little dependent on the peoples strength.
The beginning of June 1962 in Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, was marked by mass performances by workers of the local electric locomotive plant. The rate of production increases by 30%, so does the real wage. To the question What are we going to live on, the director of the enterprise (pointing to the tray being sold near the pies shop) answers: We used to eat pies with meat, now youll eat with the liver. The result of a witty joke is a factory seized by workers, the closure of a strategic railway line, a citywide rally.
Instead of developing a clear dialogue, the secretary of the local regional committee simply reads from the balcony the appeal of the Central Committee of the CPSU, published earlier in the press.
The crowd is sent to the center of Novocherkassk, relatively freely bypassing the tanks on the road. General M. Shaposhnikov refuses to use the armored cars of his units against the workers. Moreover, he orders the motorized rifles to discharge the carbines and machine guns, hand over ammunition. This decision allows him to keep a good name, the lives of thousands of people, but (three years later, after writing letters to Soviet writers, Komsomol committees and rectors of universities) helps to leave his post.
A chain of soldiers of Internal Troops (VV) with automatic weapons is built near the building of the city party committee. Someone Azizov opens fire, and kills the first worker. To the place or not, but note that in Central Russia, the military units are usually equipped with draftees from the so-called southern national republics (or, generally speaking, without any nationality). It is easier to suppress protests of the state-forming people. The first volley is directed over the heads but so, under the bullets, the children from the orphanage are sitting on the trees. Shaken by childish shouts, the crowd rushes forward, under gunfire, but, unable to withstand the dense fire, dissipates. According to official figures, 26 people die. Another 11 participants in the riots, even if they were just in the front ranks of peoples demonstrators, are identified by the KGB on operational video materials, and are shot later.
Khrushchev loves corn. This crop is really, very fruitful and useful. However, even after the Secretarys report On the cult of personality in 1956, the complex of the authoritarian System, in all its most dangerous metastases, is not exhausted. Objection to the Chief, somehow humanly discourse with him is still dangerous although now it is not your life, but only your position. The main thing here, perhaps, is thoughtless imitation. So, just in case, without going into significant details, the leaders on the ground bring the idea of the First Secretary to the utter absurdity. Almost all available acreage is populated by the Queen of the Fields, up to and including the territories of the Far North.
All this, at last, bores everyone. The murmur of the people, albeit with an unacceptable, painful delay, is translated into more or less distinct actions of influential functionaries. In 1964, the rest of the rest in Pitsunda NS Khrushchev Presidium of the Supreme Council removed from power. The idea is like this, just in case to arrange for the former general secretary of a car accident, a new, not so carnivorous, more collegiate leadership, deviates. At least this time the Central Committee preserves the face before its citizens and the international community. Nikita Sergeyevich lives in the country, under house arrest, grows gorgeous tomatoes, and listens on the radio Voice of America. In 1971, he peacefully dies from cardiac arrest.
Private life. He is married three times, six children. The first son, a fighter pilot on the Yak-7, a senior lieutenant, dies in aerial combat (Kaluga region, 1943).
Anyway, Khrushchev is a step forward in comparison with Stalin. Everything, as we know, should be judged solely by the fruits. Arguments in the style: But, after all, I wanted something different, special circumstances emerged in the calculation, they are justly not accepted. At the First Secretary people (here and there) receive a small amount of useful proteins and vitamins. Stalin, after only three years after a satisfying, and even prosperous NEP, kills at least 4 million people with mass migrations, famine, and, after another five-year period (peak of repression) a million, with bullets and torture, in the camps and cellars of the NKVD. We do not know what else Joseph could think of at the end of the sixties, so as to amuse his old age, he remains alive. Under Khrushchev, there is no war (suppression of the Hungarian fascists in 1956 does not count) with Dzhugashvili there are four of them (including the Korean one, already balancing on the verge of nuclear confrontation). Nikita Sergeyevich admits the death of several dozen people in Novocherkassk under Joseph Vissarionovich, the scope of peasant uprisings (19291932) reaches the scale of the second civil war.
Third Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev is the next small step towards the well-being of the USSR and even, perhaps, of all mankind.
Workers as leaders: Ivan Likhachev, Andrei Stakhanov
Ivan Likhachev
The very first Soviet truck
ZIS-5, the legendary domestic truck
Ivan Likhachev. Birth 1896, with. Ozers of the Tula region The end of the village school, work as a mechanic at the Putilov factory during the First World War a service by a sailor in the Baltic Fleet. From 1917 to 1921 years. Likhachev is a commander in parts of the Red Army, and even an employee of the Cheka. Further studying at the Mining Academy and the Leningrad Electromechanical Institute. Getting too many, not always applicable in practice, knowledge will upset the future Peoples Commissar. He leaves the university and, at the behest of the Communist Party, heads the Moscow Automobile Plant (1926). The plant was founded in 1916, before the final establishment of the Soviet government, it was able to produce about 1,300 Fiat cars. The first achievement of MAZ in the USSR the release in November 1924 of ten one-and-a-half truck AMO-F-15. It is interesting that the conveyor American, even with the delivery of Soviets from across the ocean, costs ten times cheaper than it, manufactured on the stalks of the domestic analogue.
From a small and poorly equipped enterprise, in fact large repair shops, the 30-year-old director creates an auto giant very quickly. Ivan visits the factories of Henry Ford in America, buys Buick, brings it to the capital, sorts it out in parts, introduces many technological innovations to the ZIS (since 1931 the Stalin Plant). In the same year, based on the American Autocar-5S, AMO-3 was created, the first full-sized truck in the USSR. Likhachev personally participates in the Moscow-Leningrad motor rally. In 1934 the volume of output of cars of various modifications reaches 100 000 per year.
In 1939, Likhachyov was appointed a Peoples Commissar of the average industry of the USSR. What is going wrong is not so with scrupulous execution of government decisions for part of compliance with the discipline in production, and Ivan Alekseevich returned to the plant. The main idea of the automaker is initiative from below at all levels. The output of cars reaches 150,000 per year. In October, the plant is evacuated to the Urals, where several powerful high-tech enterprises of various profiles are created on its basis.
An important achievement (in the opinion of the author) in 1951 the ZIL company organizes the production of quality refrigerators for the widest masses of the population of the USSR.
And, of course, a dubious model of cooperation is the creation, on the basis of documentation, and by Soviet workers, of the Automobile Plant No. 1 in China (1953). Later this, given by the USSR just like that, to strengthen friendship the company gets the name First Automobile Works (FAW), and to this day remains the leader of the automobile industry of the Celestial Empire.
The last Soviet truck ZIL-4331, out of a total volume of 1.6 million, is manufactured by the plant already on the verge of the collapse of the USSR. In 2016, the Moscow Administration decides to abandon production, destroy the remaining buildings, and use the liberated large areas for the construction of elite residential complexes.
In the years 19531956. Likhachev Minister of Road Transport and Highways of the USSR. He does not retire, and leaves this world in June 1956. The Moscow Automobile Plant (MAZ, the former ZIS, and the Pietro Ferrero Plant) receives the name of ID Likhachev (ZIL).
Private life. His wife is Anna, and her only daughter. Hobbies are a passionate football fan.
Andrey Stakhanov
Andrey Stakhanov. Birth 1905, etc. Lugovaya, Orel region (the neighborhood of the city of Orel) work as a shepherd, then, at the mine Central-Irmino in the Lugansk region as a horse-breeder, and a classic miner. The head of the mine, in order to avoid accusations of wrecking, need a loud success. In order to avoid raising the norms of production (therefore, adjusting the ratio the amount of coal mined the money earned), the miners refuse to take part in the action. All except Aleksey Stakhanov, enthusiastically accepted, and even developed the ideas of the party organizer of the mine Konstantin Petrov. On the night of August 1, 1935, Stakhanov picks up 102 tons of coal, instead of 7 tons, thereby raising labor productivity 14 times. The basis of the record is the scrupulous preparation of the work of the only champion; the preparation of arch fasteners, the stabilization of pressure in the jackhammer (due to the suspension of the rest), the organization of sufficient lighting, etc. In addition, starting from this case, a progressive payment system is used. Now all the coal is attributed to the slaughterer himself, and the work of his assistants skilled stitchers passes through a separate graph. Stakhanov receives 220 rubles, instead of the usual for a miner 2530. There is no information about the earnings of his two companions.
Alexei conducts high-ranking officials to the house, with applause and flowers, and then he remains, together with his cousin Evdokia (gypsy), facing a direct threat of physical destruction. At night they burst into the door. Yevdokia hides her husband in the basement, grabs a knife, and promises to deliver accurate punches to the first one who will pass the threshold The dust of Alekseis buddies subsides somewhat.
And, fate leads A. Stakhanov away from gloomy dungeons, to pleasant activities, speeches to collectives of workers and schoolchildren, envelops the ring of protection. Alexeis wife disappears-she dies from underground abortion, goes to the camp (leaving her children to her husband), is rejected by the leadership as an incorrect drummer companion, or something else-we do not know for sure.
At a school concert, Stakhanov gets acquainted with the 14-year-old Galina. Almost a formal girl not that she responds to the 30-year-old Hero of Labor with reciprocity, but she does not protest. Parents, caring about the welfare of their daughter, ascribe to her 2 years of life, and marry.
In 1936 the young people moved to Moscow. Stakhanov studies in the Industrial Academy is elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR lives in the famous House on the Embankment, gets a personal car. The success of the worker is personally monitored by Joseph Stalin (he often invites one to dinner, reviews the lecture notes). He, in fact, becomes the godfather of the miner. The journalist makes the mistake of calling Andrei Stakhanov Alexei. The leader declares: This is a good name the newspaper Pravda can not deceive and, in the opinion of his pet, not at all interested in, decides to write out the correct passport.
Vasiliy Stalin becomes a close friend and drinking companion of Stakhanov. Together they go into steep turns, break Stakhanovs GAZ M-1, smash the restaurant of the Metropol Hotel, catch the fish in its aquarium, and so on After all, concerned about his sons condition, I. Stalin sends the failed Coal Industry Commissar in Karaganda (Kazakhstan), where he becomes the chief of the mine.
In 1943, Alexei Grigorievich returned to Moscow, to the former remarkable apartment (Berestenevskaya embankment). He works in the sinecure the head of the sector of socialist competition, the Peoples Commissariat, whose head did not, and especially does not grieve.
In 1957, Khrushchev, for certain reasons, wishing to see Stakhanov closer to real production, calls Alexei into the office, and explains the whole situation. This is in fact necessary for foreign writers who form an opinion on the Country of Soviets. The Hero of Labor does not have to go through silly papers on the table. After all, I myself am a miner Nikita Sergeyevich pronounces, but Stakhanov unceremoniously cuts him off. What kind of (obscene word) miner!?.
Its all. Temporary reference is replaced by a lifelong one. The Stakhanov family, from Moscow and a five-room apartment with conveniences, refuses to go for the disgraced head. In Donbass town of Torez Aleksey Grigorievich becomes an assistant to the chief engineer of the mine. The trouble is that Stakhanov can actually no longer work. Salary Lehe Stakanov (from the word glass) is charged in any case. So a person gets out of a toning-up daily regime, gets out of the circle of fruitful communication, falls into depression and binge. In 1970, Stakhanov was remembered at the very top, sent K.T. Petrov to Torez, the same one who once organized the epoch-making record, with the mission of salvation. Konstantin Grigorievich finds his former protege in the most depressing state, under a fence (worse than you can imagine), laundered and delivers to Moscow. Here the miner is awarded the Order of the Hero of Socialist Labor, amicably welcomes labor collectives, etc., etc.