After take-off follows another failure. Stakhanov goes to a psychiatric hospital. After the last arrival of K. Petrov (1977) follows a short-term remission. The miner comes to his senses, recalls his whole life, says, he says, demands the return of the departed Constantine back.
The next day Stakhanov perishes.
Private life: civil marriage with Evdokia daughter and son. These children quite happily get on with the second, legitimate wife Galina, and two new sisters. The third marriage is concluded in exile, almost accidentally, with some Antonina, and soon canceled.
Morality. In a society where all are formally equal, the information hunger is particularly acute. For the sake of its quenching various kinds of labor records are organized. Life is the essence of news. The social order that officially allows stratification, or at least some kind of non-equality of people, experiences considerably less difficulty in preparing tasty information dishes.
In the society of equality, tendencies of thoughtless imitation are strong. Experience, more or less useful in coal mining, is transferred to medicine, science, art (we are obliged to give out more distant teeth, discoveries, productions) and, sadly, the service of state security. Since the beginning of 1937, repressive bodies on the ground compete in the number of people killed, put forward counter plans to increase Stalins quotas, and so on.
Are workers ready or not prepared to responsibly manage the most important enterprises of the state? The answer in the case of Stakhanov is No, this threatens them with a nervous breakdown. But, we also know other examples, here, yes, the sailor Ivan Likhachev (two courses of the Mining Academy), in old workshops created a grandiose automotive production. The result: OK, and its good, but you should be prepared for such a transformation, and always look carefully at your feet.
Alexei Kosygin, Leonid Brezhnev, Dmitry Ustinov
Alexei Kosygin
Alexei Kosygin. Birth 1904, St. Petersburg in 19191921, service in the labor units of the Red Army, study at the Petrograd Cooperative Technical School, the work of the planning department of the Siberian Union of consumer cooperation. In 1930, Alexei Nikolayevich returned to Leningrad, entered the Leningrad Textile Institute (simply Rag) and ended it. Since 1936, he works as a foreman chief of a factory change, and a year later he becomes director himself.
It can not be said that last years student possesses exceptional qualities as a manager, and brilliant charisma, but the field of vacancies was thoroughly cleared by the Great Terror of 1937. Most likely, many of those who perished could eclipse Alexei Kosygin we will never know that At that time, as in the central regions of the RSFSR, each functionary is a promoter of some repressed (pulling into the abyss and protégé) statesman, our hero resides in a relatively calm Siberia. Moreover, without a reasonable explanation of the reasons, Kosygin impressed Stalin himself. So, after some swinging, in 1939 Alexei Nikolaevich became Peoples Commissar of the textile industry of the USSR. During the war years, he occupies various positions of responsibility, evacuates factories to the Urals (more than 1500 major enterprises), works on Dear Life to the besieged Leningrad, etc. In 1948, despite the proximity to people designated enemies of the people Kosygin manages to survive the Leningrad case. He becomes deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and also a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU (B.). In the summer of 1953, Alexei heads, the Ministry of Food Products Industry, assembled from several ministries, gives this project a move, and returns to its previous post. Already under Brezhnev, in 1964 A. Kosygin became head of the government (yes-yes) of the USSR.
The famous golden five-year plan of Kosygin starts. On the one hand, the stock of enthusiasm and spiritual strength of the people has not completely dried up yet. On the other hand, government structures were abandoned by the original revolutionaries; trying at least naively, rudely and awkwardly, but still create a new social order. The situation is reminiscent of how doctors support life in the patient: they change the droppers, monitor the ventilation of the lungs, sometimes even carry them through hospital corridors. Day by day, the same food. So it can last a long time but, its not that. Correctly developing organism struggles with illnesses independently and grows. For life, a person needs a dream, waiting for tomorrow at least believing that something very good will happen in his time. The authorities cease to produce even such promises. The self-activity of the people itself is mechanically extinguished in the localities.
Nevertheless, some rational approach to the organization of the economy is bearing fruit. Multiplication of national income reaches 33% per year. Enterprises expand their independence. Part of the profit goes not directly to the state budget, but remains for the development of the enterprise, premiums, and attached schools-kindergartens (so-called social). The director can not send the received increase to the pocket only to himself, the adored accountant, the secretary, but to the general salary fund, to arrange the life of workers, a new stadium, or a dining room please.
The oil and gas producing complex receives a powerful development. In fact, all the infrastructure now used by the oligarchs Friends of the Self oil rigs, pipelines, roads, cities and towns in Siberia, was created during the times of Alexei Kosygin. However, for many reasons that have not been fully understood, the head of the government can not arrange the export of processed products.
The strength of Alexei Nikolaevich himself is running low. In 1968, he lost an important spiritual support the wife of Claudia Andreevna. After 6 years, a stroke occurs.
In 1979 A. Kosygin, the only member of the Politburo, simply categorically objected to the introduction of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. But, the former principle of a reasonable Brezhnev collegiality now no longer works. The Chairman has time to make an important contribution to the organization of the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980, before submitting an application for care in connection with the deterioration of health. A week later, the former head of the Government of the USSR leaves the state dacha, moves to a modest apartment, taking with him only personal belongings and books. Alexei anticipates that now everything will go wrong, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan 19811985. will be completely, not at all golden but it can not do anything any more
Substitutions for A. Kosygin responsible, business, modest in the way of life not a drinking statesman, no.
Private life the only wife, Claudia Andreevna, daughter. Hobby skiing, canoeing, walking along mountain trails.
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev. Birth 1906, with. Kamenskoye (Dneprodzerzhinsk), Ekaterinoslav province (now Dneprovsk region, Ukraine), working at a butter mill, studying at the Kursk land-reclamation technical school. Until 1929 L. Brezhnev surveyor and land surveyor. Further, fate leads him into the power offices, where Leonid Ilich practices the skills of not only land in the posts of deputy chairman of the district executive committee and deputy head of the Ural Land Administration. L. Brezhnev raises the qualification in the universities of Moscow and Dneprodzerzhinsk, serves in the army as an officer-tanker, becomes secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. During the Great Patriotic War, the chief of the Political Department of the 18th Army, Colonel Brezhnev, in particular, organized the resistance of Soviet troops on the Little Earth bridgehead near Novorossiysk. Recall, the bridgehead is formed on February 4, 1943 as a result of the partially unsuccessful operation of the Red Army to liberate the city of Novorossiysk. The main, sea and air assault forces, due to inadequate fire support, are being retreated, the auxiliary one, using captured weapons, ammunition, etc., seizes the territories later named Lesser Earth. Soldiers are building a network of trenches, dugouts, defending a bridgehead for 225 days. Brigade Commissar LI Brezhnev is on the front lines, conducts classes, which now would be called training for team building and in general, it shows itself not bad. On June 24, 1945, Major-General Leonid Ilyich took part in the Victory Parade on Red Square.
Substitutions for A. Kosygin responsible, business, modest in the way of life not a drinking statesman, no.
Private life the only wife, Claudia Andreevna, daughter. Hobby skiing, canoeing, walking along mountain trails.
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev. Birth 1906, with. Kamenskoye (Dneprodzerzhinsk), Ekaterinoslav province (now Dneprovsk region, Ukraine), working at a butter mill, studying at the Kursk land-reclamation technical school. Until 1929 L. Brezhnev surveyor and land surveyor. Further, fate leads him into the power offices, where Leonid Ilich practices the skills of not only land in the posts of deputy chairman of the district executive committee and deputy head of the Ural Land Administration. L. Brezhnev raises the qualification in the universities of Moscow and Dneprodzerzhinsk, serves in the army as an officer-tanker, becomes secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. During the Great Patriotic War, the chief of the Political Department of the 18th Army, Colonel Brezhnev, in particular, organized the resistance of Soviet troops on the Little Earth bridgehead near Novorossiysk. Recall, the bridgehead is formed on February 4, 1943 as a result of the partially unsuccessful operation of the Red Army to liberate the city of Novorossiysk. The main, sea and air assault forces, due to inadequate fire support, are being retreated, the auxiliary one, using captured weapons, ammunition, etc., seizes the territories later named Lesser Earth. Soldiers are building a network of trenches, dugouts, defending a bridgehead for 225 days. Brigade Commissar LI Brezhnev is on the front lines, conducts classes, which now would be called training for team building and in general, it shows itself not bad. On June 24, 1945, Major-General Leonid Ilyich took part in the Victory Parade on Red Square.
According to some sources, Leonid Brezhnev is one of ten armed generals who arrived in the Kremlin for the arrest of L. P. Beria.
From the submission of Khrushchev, LB, who became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, manages the development of virgin lands, as well as the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome.
Since May 1960, L. Brezhnev Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It sounds very, very solid, but still, the main secretary in this System is the First Secretary of the Central Committee. In 1964 Khrushchev dismisses Brezhnev from a high post, replacing him (his friend) Anastas Mikoyan. Brezhnev, already with his longtime friend, Nikolai Podgorny, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, secretary (one of several) of the CPSU Central Committee, and other interested persons, is advancing. At the extraordinary meeting of the Presidium convened, Leonid Brezhnev satisfied his former patron with a thorough separation. Nikita Sergeyevich understands that he is stumped, reports Mikoyan (I will not fight) and, at the second meeting, with the words Finally, the party grew and can control any person (the option do without blood), Games for retirement.
So, in 1965 the Golden Five-Year Plan of Kosygin starts. The real welfare of citizens during this time increases by more than 2.2 times. It can be said that now the collective leadership is being implemented: five or six members of the Central Committee are significant instead of a leader. But, by and large, there is still no feedback system with government bodies. You can change anything on the ground only if, for example, your letter (one of many thousands) is published in a central newspaper.
It should be repeated. A huge country ruled 56, maybe 10 people Friends of the General Secretary. This, of course, is much better than the single leader granted to the whims of his split psyche, but there is simply no one to correct these people, in case of their serious mistake, or, perhaps, even a direct betrayal of the interests of their country. Civil institutions, communities, most importantly, independent, speaking people, there is not (or the security service immediately takes them for the mentally ill). A similar system develops in science, art, and all branches of industry. Artistic councils do not allow creative groups to develop. KGB chief Yuri Andropov, for the sake of the economic scouts he loves, drives the groups of initiative masters into the awkward giant VNIITSEVT, makes mindlessly copy IBM 360; completely stopping all this development of domestic computers. In 1969, Americans make a global breakthrough: they create a computer network ARPANET, a connection between the scientific institutions of the United States, England the entire developed Western world, the prototype of the modern Internet. In the USSR this epoch-making movement remains practically unnoticed.
And all that sort of thing.
Under Khrushchev, the five-million-strong Soviet Army and Navy are largely reduced. This is, of course, a good thing. However, officers are subject to unacceptable humiliations. Yes, they do not know how to do anything more often, often the colonial majors have to occupy very insignificant posts, up to the collective farm shepherd; but, after all, we understand that this is not the way to deal with people.
Under Leonid Brezhnev and his Friends, the Armed Forces of the USSR (not restrained, for example, awakened by the high consciousness of the people), and the military-industrial complex, take an excellent revenge. Armored vehicles are produced. Many, many tanks and armored personnel carriers. All of them are stored in vast fields, open-air, throughout the USSR, and there, without due maintenance and attention, gradually die. NATO countries focus on helicopters, air defense assets, guided missiles and other high-tech products; high mobility and efficiency. As practice showed, this decision is quite appropriate. So, in Afghanistan, the Soviet tanks T-64, T-72, (with a slight elevation of the gun, very vulnerable from above, gluttonous and overweight) did not make a special impression on the Mujahideen; while helicopters Mi-24 more than.
Defense spending on the Internet, specific numbers, and not lengthy reasoning on a given topic, is rather difficult to find. The ratio of military spending in the general budget of opponents is somewhat trusting: the USSR 18%, the USA 6%.
The number of the Soviet Army is increasing, from 2 million in 1970 to 5.5 million in 1985. And, as we are now friends, a huge but not motivated military armada does not at all guarantee the security and integrity of the state. On the contrary, it only contributes to its disintegration in every possible way.
Since 1964 the organization Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) is coming to full capacity, uniting the most developed socialist countries of the world. The beginning of it, recall, believes the decision of Stalin (1949), as well as the actual reception for the maintenance of future satellites in 19451947. For example, only Romania (an agrarian country), a recent ally of Hitlers Germany, who lost 0.5 million of its soldiers in the war (and contributed to the death of probably a comparable number of Soviet soldiers), gratuitously received 480,000 tons of wheat and corn. During the same period, at least 800,000 people died of starvation in the Soviet Union, mostly collective farmers and (not having any allowances) disabled veterans of the war.
The continuation of the CMEA, in general, corresponds to its beginning. The currency of the organization is the so-called transfer (non-cash) ruble. Money that can not be cashed, presented in the form of a ringing coin or a crispy note are dead. Moreover, despite the national name; The ruble, the USSR in principle does not have the ability to print these banknotes so much as to pay off all debts, and buy in the CMEA member countries as much as they put up for sale. In this, the monetary policy of the Soviet Union is radically different from that in the United States. The American Fed produces exactly that, live money gray-green dollars, which, despite their theoretical lack of gold, you can touch, hide in your pocket, pay for a tank of gasoline, or, say, big poppy. The countries the satellites of the USA, and not only, greedily buy up these material banknotes, enter into the internal circulation, pay off among themselves, and with the whole world. Not quite honest, but more than effective. Rothschilds, Rockefellers, senators and presidents the whole American nation understands that buddies who are constantly sitting on their neck, feeling themselves in debt, will betray you at any convenient moment.