His eyes were slightly close-set, as was often remarked, but apart from that he looked like an aging movie star or catalog model. A successful businessman who had retired to go into public service. His features, as many observers had observed, mixed qualities of several recent presidents into one blandly familiar and reassuring face, with a little dash of piquant antiquity and edgy charm.
Now his amused look was like that of everyones favorite uncle. So they reeled you in for this on the fly. Then, holding a hand up to stop all of them, he near-whispered: Sorryshould I whisper?
No sir, no need for that, Charlie assured him in his ordinary speaking voice. Hes out for the duration. Pay no attention to that man behind the shoulder.
The President smiled. Got a wizard on your back, eh?
Charlie nodded, smiling quickly to conceal his surprise. It was a pastime in some circles to judge just how much of a dimwit the President was, but facing him in person Charlie felt instantly confirmed in his minority opinion that the man had such a huge amount of low cunning that it amounted to a kind of genius. The President was no fool. And hip to at least the most obvious of movie trivia. Charlie couldnt help feeling a bit reassured.
Now the President said, Thats nice, Charles, lets get to it then, shall we? I heard from Dr. S. here about the meeting this morning, and I wanted to check in on it in person, because I like Phil Chase. And I understand that Phil now wants us to join in with the actions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, to the point of introducing a bill mandating our participation in whatever action they recommend, no matter what it is. And this is a UN panel.
Well, Charlie said, shifting gears into ultradiplomatic mode, not just for the President but for the absent Phil, who was going to be upset with him no matter what he said, since only Phil should actually be talking to the President about this stuff. That isnt exactly how I would put it, Mr. President. You know the Senate Foreign Relations Committee held a number of hearings this year, and Phils conclusion after all that testimony was that the global climate situation is quite real. And serious to the point of being already almost too late.
The President shot a glance at Strengloft. Would you agree with that, Dr. S.?
Weve agreed that there is general agreement that the observed warming is real.
The President looked to Charlie, who said, Thats good as far as it goes, certainly. Its what follows from that that mattersyou know, in the sense of us trying to do something about it.
Charlie swiftly rehearsed the situation, known to all: average temperatures up by six degrees Fahrenheit already, CO2 levels in the atmosphere topping 600 parts per million, from a start before the industrial revolution of 280, and predicted to hit 1,000 ppm within a decade, which would be higher than it had been at any time in the past seventy million years. Also the long-term persistence of greenhouse gases, on the order of thousands of years.
Charlie also spoke briefly of the death of all coral reefs, which would lead to even more severe consequences for oceanic ecosystems. The thing is, Mr. President, the worlds climate can shift very rapidly. There are scenarios in which a general warming causes parts of the Northern Hemisphere to get quite cold, especially in Europe. If that were to happen, Europe could become something like the Yukon of Asia.
Really! the President said. Are we sure that would be a bad thing? Just kidding of course.
Of course sir, ha ha.
The President fixed him with a look of mock displeasure. Well, Charles, all that may be true, but we dont know for sure if any of that is the result of human activity. Isnt that a fact?
No sir, Charlie said doggedly. The carbon weve burned is different than what was already up there, so we do know. You could say it isnt for sure that the sun will come up tomorrow morning, and in a limited sense youd be right, but Ill bet you the sun will come up.
Dont be tempting me to gamble now.
Besides, Mr. President, you dont delay acting on crucial matters when you have a disaster that might happen, just because you cant be one hundred percent sure it will happen. Because you can never be one hundred percent sure of anything, and some of these matters are too important to wait on.
The President frowned at this, and Strengloft interjected, Charlie, you know the precautionary principle is an imitation of actuarial insurance that has no real resemblance to it, because the risk and the premium paid cant be calculated. Thats why we refused to hear any precautionary principle language in the discussions we attended at the UN. We said we wouldnt even attend if they talked about precautionary principles or ecological footprints, and we had very good reasons for those exclusions, because those concepts are not good science.
The President nodded his So that is that nod, familiar to Charlie from many a press conference. He added, I always thought a footprint was kind of a simplistic measurement for something this complex anyway.
Charlie countered, Its just a name for a good economic index, Mr. President, calculating use of resources in terms of how much land it would take to provide them. Its pretty educational, really, and he launched into a quick description of the way it worked. Its a good thing to know, like balancing your checkbook, and what it shows is that America is consuming the resources of ten times the acreage it actually occupies. So that if everyone on Earth tried to live as we do, given the greater population densities in much of the world, it would take fourteen Earths to support us all.
Come on, Charlie, Dr. Strengloft objected. Next youll be wanting us to use Bhutans Gross Domestic Happiness, for goodness sake. But we cant use little countries indexes, they dont do the job. Were the hyperpower. And really, the anticarbon crowd is a special interest lobby in itself. Youve fallen prey to their arguments, but its not like CO2 is some toxic pollutant. Its a gas that is natural in our air, and its essential for plants, even good for them. The last time there was a significant rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide, human agricultural productivity boomed. The Norse settled Greenland during that period, and there were generally rising lifespans.
The end of the Black Death might account for that, Charlie pointed out.
Well, maybe rising CO2 levels ended the Black Death.
Charlie felt his jaw gape.
Its the bubbly in my club soda, the President told him gently.
Yes. Charlie rallied. But a greenhouse gas nevertheless. It holds in heat that would otherwise escape back into space. And were putting more than two billion tons of it into the atmosphere every year. Its like putting a plug in your exhaust pipe, sir. The car is bound to warm up. Theres general agreement from the scientific community that it causes really significant warming. Has already caused it.
Our models show the recent temperature changes to be within the range of natural fluctuation, Dr. Strengloft replied. In fact, temperatures in the stratosphere have gone down, and theres been eighteen years of flat air temperatures. Its complex, and were studying it, and were going to make the best and most cost-effective response to it. Meanwhile, were already taking effective precautions. The President has asked American businesses to limit the growth of carbon dioxide to one-third of the economys rate of growth.
But thats the same ratio of emissions to growth we have already.
Yes, but the President has gone further, by asking American businesses to try to reduce that ratio over the next decade by eighteen percent. Its a growth-based approach that will accelerate new technologies, and the partnerships that well need with the developing world on climate change.
As the President looked to Charlie to see what he would reply to this errant nonsense, Charlie felt Joe stir on his back. This was unfortunate, as things were already complicated enough. The President and his science advisor were not only ignoring the specifics of Phils bill, they were actively attacking its underlying concepts. Any hope Charlie had had that the President had come to throw his weight behind some real dickering was gone.
And Joe was definitely stirring. His face was burrowed sideways into the back of Charlies neck, as usual, and now he began doing something that he sometimes did when napping: he latched on to the right tendon at the back of Charlies neck and began sucking it rhythmically, like a pacifier. Always before Charlie had found this a sweet thing, one of the most momlike moments of his Mr. Momhood. Now he had to steel himself to it and forge on.
The President said, I think we have to be very careful what kind of science we use in matters like these.
Joe sucked a ticklish spot and Charlie smiled reflexively and then grimaced, not wanting to appear amused by this double-edged pronouncement.
Naturally thats true, Mr. President. But the arguments for taking vigorous action are coming from a broad range of scientific organizations, also governments, the UN, NGOs, universities, about ninety-seven percent of all the scientists who have ever declared on the issue, everyone but the very far right end of the think tank and pundit pool, he wanted to add, everyone but hack pseudoscientists who would say anything for money, like Dr. Strengloft herebut he bit his tongue and tried to shift track. Think of the world as a balloon, Mr. President. And the atmosphere as the skin of the balloon. Now, if you wanted the thickness of the skin of a balloon to correctly represent the thickness of our atmosphere in relation to Earth, the balloon would have to be about as big as a basketball.
At the moment this barely made sense even to Charlie, although it was a good analogy if you could enunciate it clearly. What I mean is that the atmosphere is really, really thin, sir. Its well within our power to alter it greatly.
No one contests that, Charles. But look, didnt you say the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere was six hundred parts per million? So if that CO2 were to be the skin of your balloon, and the rest of the atmosphere was the air inside it, then that balloon would have to be a lot bigger than a basketball, right? About the size of the moon or something?
Strengloft snorted happily at this thought, and went to a computer console on a desk in the corner, no doubt to compute the exact size of the balloon in the Presidents analogy. Charlie suddenly understood that Strengloft would never have thought of this argument, and realized furtherinstantly thereby understanding several people in his past who had mystified him at the timethat sometimes people known for intelligence were actually quite dim, while people who seemed a bit dim could on the contrary be very sharp.
Granted, sir, very good, Charlie conceded. But think of that CO2 skin as being a kind of glass that lets in light but traps all the heat inside. Its that kind of barrier. So the thickness isnt as important as the glassiness.
Then maybe more of it wont make all that much of a difference, the President said kindly. Look, Charles. Fanciful comparisons are all very well, but the truth is we have to slow these emissions growth before we can try to stop them, much less reverse them.
This was exactly what the President had said at a recent press conference, and over at the computer Strengloft beamed and nodded to hear it, perhaps because he had authored the line. The absurdity of taking pride in writing stupid lines for a quick president suddenly struck Charlie as horribly funny. He was glad Anna wasnt there beside him, because in moments like these, the slightest shared glance could set them off guffawing like kids. Even the thought of her in such a situation almost made him laugh.
So now he banished his wife and her glorious hilarity from his mind, not without a final bizarre tactile image of the back of his neck as one of her breasts, being suckled more and more hungrily by Joe. Very soon it was going to be time for a bottle.
Charlie persevered nevertheless. Sir, its getting kind of urgent now. And theres no downside to taking the lead on this issue. The economic advantages of being in the forefront of climate rectification and bioinfrastructure mitigation are huge. Its a growth industry with uncharted potential. Its the future no matter which way you look at it.
Joe clamped down hard on his neck. Charlie shivered. Hungry, no doubt about it. Would be ravenous on waking. Only a bottle of milk or formula would keep him from going ballistic at that point. He could not be roused now without disaster striking. But he was beginning to inflict serious pain. Charlie lost his train of thought. He twitched. A little snort of agony combined with a giggle. He choked it back, disguised it as a smothered cough.
Whats the matter, Charles, is he waking up on you?
Oh no sir, still out. Maybe stirring a littleah! The thing is, if we dont address these issues now, nothing else were doing will matter. None of it will go well.
That sounds like alarmist talk to me, the President said, an avuncular twinkle in his eye. Lets calm down about this. Youve got to stick to the commonsense idea that sustainable economic growth is the key to environmental progress.
Sustainable, ah!
Whats that?
He clamped down on a giggle. Sustainables the point! Sir.
We need to harness the power of markets, Strengloft said, and nattered on in his usual vein, apparently oblivious to Charlies problem. The President however eyed him closely. Huge chomp. Charlies spine went electric. He suppressed the urge to swat his son like a mosquito. His right fingers tingled. Very slowly he lifted a shoulder, trying to dislodge him. Like trying to budge a limpet. Sometimes Anna had to squeeze his nostrils shut to get him to come off. Dont think about that.
The President said, Charles, wed be sucking the life out of the economy if we were to go too far with this. You chew on that awhile. As it is, were taking bites out of this problem every day. Why, Im like a dog with a bone on this thing! Those enviro special interests are like pigs at a trough. Were weaning them from all that now, and they dont like it, but theyre going to have to learn that if you cant lick them, you
And Charlie dissolved into gales of helpless laughter.
CHAPTER 5
ATHENA ON THE PACIFIC
California is a place apart.
Gold chasers went west until the ocean stopped them, and there in that remote and beautiful land, separated from the rest of the world by desert and mountain, prairie and ocean, they saw there could be no more moving on. They would have to stop and make a life there.